多元素长效碳酸氢铵颗粒肥对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of ammonium bicarbonate with calcium and magnesium in granulation applied to soils on the grain yields and the photosynthesis of flag leaves of winter wheat

作　　者：汪敬恒[1,2] 徐阳春[1] 郭世伟[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]河南省化工研究所有限责任公司,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2013年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化项目(国发农社字[2004]39号);国家星火计划项目(国科发计字[2005]157号:2005EA750062)

摘　　要：以‘豫麦49-198’为材料,通过大田试验,在施氮量240 kg.hm-2条件下,研究多元素长效碳酸氢铵(简称碳铵)颗粒肥以及不同氮肥类型(尿素、普通碳铵、多元素碳铵粉肥、有机肥+普通碳铵)对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:在开花后同一时期,几种氮肥处理小麦旗叶的SPAD值,叶绿素荧光指标中的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP均高于对照(CK),并以尿素(T1)和多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥(T4)处理数值较高。氮肥施用能有效降低非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),从而使叶片保持了较高的净光合速率,延缓了叶片衰老,也以T1和T4处理效果较好。产量结果分析表明,几种氮肥处理均能增加冬小麦籽粒产量,比对照增产达1 436.4～1 992.7 kg.hm-2,以T1和T4处理效果最显著,有机肥+普通碳铵(T5)处理居中,普通碳铵(T2)和多元素长效碳铵粉肥(T3)的增产幅度最小。相对纯收入分析结果表明,多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥处理最高,每公顷达到2 843.1元,尿素处理次之。综上所述,考虑到提高作物产量,缓解土壤酸化现象以及增加农民相对纯收入等因素,推荐多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥作为研究区域氮肥品种更为适宜。Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers applied at 240 kg· hm-2 on the photosynthetic characters of flag leaves of ＇Yumai 49-198＇were studied in the field experiments.There were 6 treatments in this field experiments：no fertilizer（CK）,urea（T1）,ammonium bicarbonate in powder（T2）,ammonium bicarbonate with calcium and magnesium in powder（T3）,ammonium bicarbonate with calcium and magnesium in granulation（T4）and ammonium bicarbonate in powder plus organic fertilizer（T5）.The results showed that the values of the SPAD,Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ and qP were higher among nitrogen fertilizer application treatments,and T1 with the highest values and T4 with the second.Each nitrogen fertilizer treatment could effectively decrease the NPQ,especially the treatments of T1 and T4,to keep the higher net photosynthesis rates and delay the aging of the wheat leaves.Compared with treatment CK,the increment range of wheat grain yield was from 1 436.4 kg·hm-2 to 1 992.7 kg·hm-2 among the different nitrogen fertilizer treatments,and T1 being the highest,and T4 the second,followed by T5,T2 and T3.Moreover,analysis of net income showed that treatment T4 was the highest with 2 843.1 RMB per hectare,and T1 was the second.Therefore,the ammonium bicarbonate with calcium and magnesium in the format of granulation is strongly recommended for wheat crop production in the study region,in consideration of increasing the crop yield,mitigating the soil acidification and increasing farmers′ income.

关 键 词：多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥 冬小麦 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S143.58[农业科学—肥料学]