黄瓜枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选鉴定及其生物防效  

Screening and identification of antagonistic Bacillus vallismortis B against cucumber Fusarium wilt and its biological effect

作　　者：韦巧婕[1] 郑新艳[1] 邓开英[1] 王小慧[1] 高雪莲[1] 沈其荣[1] 沈标[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2013年第1期40-46,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004)

摘　　要：从生长健康的黄瓜根际土壤中分离筛选得到1株对黄瓜枯萎病病原菌——尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型具有较强拮抗作用的细菌菌株B,根据其生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定其为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。菌株B含有fenB、bam和ituA、ituB、ituC、ituD基因,它们分别是Fengycin、Bacillomycin和Iturin生物合成的相关基因。菌株B还对棉花黄萎病、甜瓜枯萎病、辣椒疫病等病原菌也有较强的拮抗作用。盆栽试验表明:拮抗菌B与有机肥发酵制成的微生物有机肥(BIO)对黄瓜枯萎病有显著的防治作用,发病率降低了66.7%,病情指数下降了67%,防治效果达到80.7%;而单纯使用有机肥(OF)发病率不仅不能降低,而且还有所上升。施用BIO能促进根际细菌及放线菌数量,抑制真菌及尖孢镰刀菌数量。施用BIO显著提高黄瓜植株的生物量及其体内SOD、POD及CAT等酶的活性。结论:微生物有机肥能有效防治黄瓜枯萎病病害,促进植株生长。A bacterial strain B,antagonistic against cucumber Fusarium wilt pathogen（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum）was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of cucumber.Based on the morphological,physiological and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis,the strain B was preliminarily identified as Bacillus sp..Strain B also had antagonistic effects against several pathogenic fungus,such as Verticillium dahliae Kleb,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis and Phytophthora capsici.fenB,bam,ituA,ituB,ituC and ituD,responsible for the synthesis of antibiotics Fengycin,Bacillomycin and Iturin respectively were identified in strain B.Strain B was inoculated in organic fertilizer（OF）for preparing bio-organic fertilizer（BIO）.The effects of OF and BIO in controling cucumber Fusarium wilt were studied in pot experiments.The results showed that the applications of BIO could decrease the incidence of cucumber Fusarium wilt by 66.7% and disease index by 67%,and the biocontrol efficiency was about 80.7%.On the contrary,the application of OF increased the wilt incidence.The application of BIO could significantly promote the growth of cucumber and increase the population of bacteria and actimomyces in rhizosphere soil and decrease the population of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum.The application of BIO also could promote the SOD,POD and CAT activity in cucumber.It is concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizers is an effective way to control the cucumber Fusarium wilt.

关 键 词：黄瓜枯萎病 拮抗细菌 抗生素合成基因 生物防治 微生物区系 

分 类 号：Q939.92[生物学—微生物学] S476.9[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]