分配结果“公平性”的判断、分析与推论  

Judgment,Analysis and Inference on "Fairness" in Distribution Results

作　　者：张思锋[1] 雍岚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西西安710049 [2]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第1期71-77,共7页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目重大招标项目(09&ZD057)

摘　　要：社会成员之间悬殊的收入差距和财富拥有量,引发或加剧了一系列社会问题或矛盾,也引起了学术界对分配结果"公平性"问题的长期讨论。在提出均等分配结果"公平"和"不公平"两个判断、介绍关于两个判断的若干种经典解释的基础上,按照"当事者"和"参照者"的不同立场,从过去、现在、未来三个时点纵横两个维度上,构建了所得、所得与贡献、所得与需要三个视角的分配结果"公平性"分析模型。由此得到六个重要推论:公平是通过比较得出的具有相对性的判断;公平是弱势群体的愿望与追求;公平是事实描述与价值判断的统一;单一的"所得"比较是简单的、浅显的"公平性"判断方法;"所得与贡献"的分析适用于对初次分配结果的判断;"所得与需要"的分析更适用于对再分配结果的判断。The polarization of income gap and the ownership of wealth between social members have triggered or aggra- vated a series of social problems and contradictions, and also caused the long - term discussion on ＂fairness＂ of the dis- tribution results in academia. This paper has put forward two judgments on whether the equal distribution result is ＂fair＂ or ＂unfair＂. Based on the introduction of several kinds of classical interpretations about two judgments, according to the different standpoints of ＂the parties concerned＂ and ＂the parties referred,＂ from three time points - the past, present, and future, and in the longitudinal and horizontal dimensions, an analytic model of the ＂fairness＂ of the distribution re- suits from three perspectives of the income, income and contribution, income and demand has been constructed. Thus, six important corollaries are obtained as follows：l. To be fair is an adjustment with relativity obtained through compari- son. 2. To be fair is the desire and pursuit of the vulnerable groups. 3. To be fair is the unity of fact description and val- ue judgment. 4. A single comparison between ＂incomes＂ is a simple, plain ＂fairness＂ judgment method. 5. The analy- sis on ＂income and contribution＂ is suitable for judgment of the first time distribution results. 6. The analysis on ＂in- come and demand＂ is more suitable for judgment of redistribution results.

关 键 词：分配结果 公平性 判断 

分 类 号：C931.2[经济管理—管理学] C914