城镇劳动力市场结构变迁与收入不平等:1989～2009  

The Structural Changes in the Labor Market and the Wage Inequality in Urban China between 1989 and 2009

作　　者：陈纯槿[1] 李实[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部 [2]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2013年第1期45-55,187,共11页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71173020);教育部人文社会科学规划基金(09YJA880045);国家留学基金(20123013)的资助

摘　　要：基于1989～2009年进行的8次全国性城镇住户抽样调查数据,本文利用新近发展的夏普里值分解方法,定量考察了城镇劳动力市场结构变迁如何导致劳动收入不平等的变化。研究结果显示了过去20年里中国城镇劳动收入不平等扩大一方面是市场化改革的必然结果,尤其是在经济转型过程中,教育收益率上升引起社会收入分配机制的变化;但与此同时也存在一些不合理因素,特别是由户籍制度壁垒造成的城乡二元经济社会结构依然存在。夏普里值分解进一步揭示出,所有制、户籍、性别、经验和地区因素对收入不平等的相对贡献率趋于下降,教育和职业对收入不平等的贡献总体上呈上升趋势。其基本政策含义是,减少收入不平等的关键在于降低受教育机会不均等,着重增加人力资本投资,继续推进户籍管理制度改革,进而加快劳动力市场结构性调整。Based on the data collected from 1989 to 2009 through 8 sample surveys of the national citizen households,and by the use of the method of the Shapley Value Decomposition developed recently,we have,in this paper,quantitatively explored how the structural change in the urban labor market has resulted in the change in the inequality of labor income (IOLI).The results of our study indicate that,in the past 20 years,the expansion of the IOLI in China s cities and towns has been due to the inevitable results of the market reform,especially,in the process of the economic transition, the results,aroused by the rise of the rate of the education,in the mechanism of the social income distribution. However,at the same time,there exist some unreasonable factors,especially the factor of the existence,as before,of the social structure,constructed by the barrier of the system of household register,of the dual economy in cities and villages.The Shapley Value Decomposition has further revealed that the rate of relative contribution,for the IOLI,of the ownership,the household register,the sex,the experience and the regional factor tends to rise.The basic meaning expressed in this article is that the key to reducing the IOLI is to decrease the inequality of the opportunity of being educated,to emphatically increase the investment of the human capital,to continue to promote the reform of the system of the management of household register,further quickening the structural adjustment of the labor market.

关 键 词：劳动力市场 经济转型 收入不平等 夏普里值分解 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F124.7[经济管理—国民经济] F224