中国农村贫困状况的绝对与相对变动--兼论相对贫困线的设定  

On the Absolute and Relative Changes in the Poverty in China's Villages and on the Setting of the Relative Poverty Line

作　　者：陈宗胜[1,2] 沈扬扬[1] 周云波[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济研究所 [2]天津市人民政府

出　　处：《管理世界》2013年第1期67-77,77+76+187-188,共11页Journal of Management World

基　　金：陈宗胜教授主持的国家社会科学基金重大课题“深化收入分配制度改革与增加城乡居民收人研究”(07&ZD045)的阶段性成果;中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助项目“缩小我国居民收入差距过大的途径和政策研究”(批准号:NKZXA10008);2011年度国家社科基金项目“中国跨越‘中等收入陷阱'的战略创新研究”(编号:11CJL003)的资助

摘　　要：借用非参数核密度方法,本文利用历年《中国农村住户调查年鉴》20分组数据,绘制了农村最低收入户的绝对和相对收入分布图,详细分析了20世纪80年代以来中国农村贫困变动状况。研究发现,在农村绝对贫困逐步得到缓解(但最贫困人口数量似有所上升)的同时,相对贫困状况日趋恶化;贫困人口持续减少的"表象",主要是由于其测度标准即贫困线绝对值长期保持不变,或其增幅阶段性放缓造成的。换言之,随着经济发展水平的提高,正是由于测量贫困的相对数值相应地下降,才保持了贫困率的逐步下降。对此,本文建议重视相对贫困问题,设定"相对贫困线"为贫困度量的另一把尺子,以便有效促进贫困人口增收脱贫。By the use of the method of the non-parameter kernel density estimation and by means of the 20 grouped data on 'China yearbook of rural household survey' in the calendar year,we have,in this paper,elaborately analyzed the change in China's rural poverty since the 80s of the last contrary.By our study,we have discovered that while the rural absolute poverty has gradually alleviated(but the number of poverty population seems to rise),the state of the relative poverty has increasingly worsened,and that the 'superficial phenomenon of the continuous population decline has mainly stemmed from its measurement standard,that is,the absolute value of the poverty line,has unchanged for a long time,or stemmed from the staged slowness of its increase degree.In other words,with the level of the economic growth,it is just because of the relevant drop of the relative amount of the poverty measurement,the gradual fall of the poverty rate has been kept.In this paper,we suggest that the problem of the relative poverty should receive attention, and that taking 'the relative poverty line as another measurement for the calculation of poverty,in order to effectively promote,by means of income increase,the getting rid of poverty of the poverty population.

关 键 词：绝对贫困 相对贫困 收入分布Ungrouping方法核密度估计 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F224