美国公共土地测量系统(PLSS)剖析与启示  

U.S.Public Land Survey System and Its Implication

作　　者：葛莹[1] 宋飞凤[1] 李爱国[1] 朱国慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2013年第1期51-55,68,共6页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071347);地理空间信息工程国家测绘局重点实验室经费资助项目(201005)

摘　　要：美国公共土地测量系统(PLSS)是一种具有法律效力的地理格网系统。它具有不同于一般地理格网系统的特性:1)格网划分方法的系统性。以正方形为土地单元,按照既定的边长,逐级划分美国中、西部各州土地,且在格网单元的角点上设置永久性界标。2)格网单元测量的精准性。高精度的界址点测量完全能满足控制测量的要求。测量人员可以利用界址点的坐标值,为其他测量提供基本控制。3)格网系统的延续性。PLSS建立与维护已经有200多年历史,期间,虽然社会发生了很大变化,但为了维护土地产权的法律性,PLSS至今仍在使用且不断更新。该文简要回顾了PLSS的发展过程,叙述了PLSS的基本组成,探讨了PLSS的测量体系,以期对中国地理格网系统的建立和研究有所启示。The U. S. Public Land Survey System （PLSS） is a type of geographical grid system with the force of law. Unlike oth- er geographical grid systems,PLSS has its own characteristics： 1） A grid was mathematically defined in a multi-scale and sys tematic way. The landscape area in each of the western or northern states was systematically subdivided into the same units in a square or rectangular form. The permanent monuments were set at the intersection of the property lines. 2） Land surveys were performed accurately. Because of the townships or portions of townships with the best survey data, the resulting coordinates would be treated as control. The survey is made using public land survey monuments as control corners. 3） The basic framework has remained substantially unchanged and continues in use in most of the states. The PLSS has been used for historically over 200 years since the Land Ordinance of 1785,although the U. S. was hit by a dramatic exogenous shock. Given such example of the PLSS, this paper reviews its development process, illustrates its basic framework, discusses its survey methods, and makes some suggestions to the construction of the China＇s geographical grid.

关 键 词：公共土地测量系统(PLSS) 地理格网系统 美国 剖析 启示 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P22[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]