石制品使用微痕多阶段成形轨迹的实验研究  

Experimental Study of Lithic Use-wear Multi-stage Formation

作　　者：陈虹[1] 张晓凌[2] 沈辰[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文物与博物馆学系,杭州310028 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [3]加拿大皇家安大略博物馆

出　　处：《人类学学报》2013年第1期1-18,共18页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA05130301);浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y201121361);国家社会科学基金(11CKG001);国家自然科学基金(41102016)

摘　　要：石制品微痕是进行石器功能研究、了解史前人类行为模式的重要考古证据之一。本文在以往实验研究的基础上,设计并开展多阶段燧石制品"刮骨"微痕实验,分阶段详细、直观地记录石制品刃缘使用微痕的最初形成与发展动态。实验研究表明,"刮骨"使用微痕迹随着使用时间长度的递增发生复杂的动态变化,使用微痕的发展与使用时间之间并非简单的正函数关系。片疤破损自开始在一定时间段内呈连续发生状态,随后停止发展,是确认石制品是否经过使用的良好指示。磨圆表现出由少到多、由弱及强的逐渐发育过程,可以反映石制品的使用时间和强度,也是判断使用微痕的重要参考依据。Use-wear analysis has become an essential method for functional study of lithic artifacts from archaeological assemblages, however study of use-wear multi-stage formation is poorly developed. In this paper, we report on an experimental study focusing on scarring patterns and rounding/polish formation found in multiple stages. The paper starts with an extensive review of use-wear experiments. The objective of this experiment is to understand the formation of use-wear in scarring patterns as well as development of rounding and polish. For comparsion, nine cases of single working tasks were undertaken on bone scraped with Onondaga chert. Each case was observed in three different working stages, S 1 represents the first three minutes, S2 the next six to nine minutes, and S3 working for an additional 12 minutes. Thus all nine scraping bones were worked a total of 21 minutes. Appearance of attributed scarring and abrasion were observed separately in each stage and a photomicrograph was taken and compared for the visual of changing trajectory of use-wear formation. This experiment clearly demonstrates that scarring formation does not correspond to rate of usage over time, thus formation of scarring pattern and rounding become diagnostic attributes for usewear observation, at least for scraping bone in this case. Scarring fractures occur most frequently in early stages （S 1 and S2）. At the later stage （S3） scarring fractures stopped developing while rounding and polish steady grew to be apparent. This study also examines the changing trajectory of the rate of scarring invasiveness and length of use. The results are informative as they suggest that invasiveness grew as use time extended at a given working angle. This experiment provides detailed data on how use-wear scarring and rounding/polish are formed, as well as relationships between various attributes related to scarring patterns over the multi-stage observations of usewear experiments, which offers lines of inquiries for future study.

关 键 词：使用微痕 石器功能 刮骨实验 片疤 磨圆 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]