学龄双生子儿童头面部特征的遗传学分析  

Genetic Analysis on Craniofacial Characteristics of School-age Twins

作　　者：李玉玲[1] 季成叶[2] 刘燕[1] 丁一[1] 栾天抒[1] 赵曼[1] 郑玉娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191

出　　处：《人类学学报》2013年第1期93-100,共8页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:30371223);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:30960167)

摘　　要：为探讨遗传与环境因素对学龄双生子儿童头面部特征的影响,对呼和浩特市和包头市7-12岁369对双生子儿童(同卵180对,同性别异卵141对,异性别异卵48对)的16项头面部指标进行活体测量。采用通径分析方法,用Mx软件拟合最佳结构方程模型,计算各指标遗传与环境方差组分,分析年龄、性别的作用。结果发现,校正年龄后,头部指标中头围的遗传度(男66%,女66%)较高;面部指标中,容貌面高的遗传度(男73%,女84%)最高,其次为鼻宽(男57%,女67%)、眼内角间宽(男57%,女50%)和额最小宽(男50%,女50%);头长(男64%,女25%)、头宽(男26%,女82%)、眼外角间宽(男76%,女34%)和容貌耳长(男23%,女70%)的遗传度存在一定的性别差异。表明遗传因素与环境因素对学龄双生子儿童的头面部发育均有一定影响,其中遗传因素对男女头围及容貌面高、男性头长和眼外角间宽、女性头宽、鼻宽、口宽、容貌耳长的影响相对较大。The purpose of this paper is to analyze genetic and environmental influences on craniofacial development of 16 anthropometric items of school-age children in China of 369 twin pairs including 180 monozygotic （MZ）, 141 like-sex and 48 opposite-sex dizygotic （DZ） aged 7 to 12 years enrolled in schools in Hohhot and Baotou. Anthropometric items were measured using the standard methods of measurement. Quantitative genetic model fitting and estimates of variance components were done with Mx, a structural equation modeling package designed for the analysis of twin and family data. After adjusting for age, the results were as follows. In cephalic measurements, head circumference had a higher heritability （male 66%, female 66%）. Higher heritability of facial measurements was physiognomic facial height （male 73%, female 84%）, nose breadth （male 57%, female 67%）, interocular breadth （ male 57%, female 50%） and minimum frontal breadth （male 50%, female 50%）. Gender effect existed in heritabilities of head length （male 64%, female 25%）, head breadth （male 26%, female 82%）, external binocular breadth （male 76%, female 34%） and physiognomic ear length （male 23%, female 70%）. In conclusion, craniofacial development of school-age twins were influenced by genetic and environmental factors in which male and female＇s head circumference and physiognomic facial height, male＇s head length and external binocular breadth, female＇s face breadth, nose breadth, mouth breadth and physiognomic ear length were influenced primarly by genetic factors.

关 键 词：头面部 人体测量 双生子 遗传度 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]