238例接种狂犬疫苗后抗体阴性原因分析  

Cause analysis of antibody negative after 238 inoculating rabies vaccine

作　　者：李俊华[1] 叶凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省荆门市疾病预防控制中心,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第4期760-761,共2页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解接种狂犬疫苗未获得免疫水平的原因,及时采取有效的补种措施,保证每个狂犬病暴露者得到科学防治。方法采集6217份狂犬疫苗免疫后血清,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测受检者血清抗体IgG,对238例血清阴性者资料进行调查整理。结果共调查238例,男性123例,女性115例。不同年龄组狂犬疫苗免疫后血清抗体阴性率差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),50岁以上年龄组阴性率最高为13.66%,正确处理伤口176例(73.95%),及时、足量、全程规范完成预防接种的184例(77.31%),接种期间身体健康状态188例(78.99%),严格注意饮食禁忌175例(73.52%)。结论随着年龄的增大,抗体阴性率有所升高。影响血清抗体产生的因素很多,伤口处置、不规范接种、个体状况、饮食禁忌等。医务人员工作中应杜绝人为因素造成的免疫失败,同时也要防范伤者自身因素造成的免疫失败,确保免疫效果。OBJECTIVE To learn the cause of not reaching immune level after inoculating rabies vaccine, so as to take neces- sary measures timely to ensure every rabies exposure get sufficient prophylactic treatment. METHODS 6 217 blood serum were collected after rabies vaccine immunization. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the serum antibody lgG. 238 serum negative were analyzed. RESULTS We investigated a total of 238 cases, including 123 males and 115 females. There is statistical significance in blood serum antibody negative differences among age groups （P 〈 0.01 ）. The negative rate is the highest （ 13.66% ） among 50 years or older group. 176 （ 73.95% ） case were correctly treated for wound. 184 （77.31%） cases completed preventive vaccination timely, sufficiently and conforming to the standard. 188 （78.99%） cases kept in good health during inoculating period. 175 （73.52%） cased followed dietetic eontraindication. CONCLUSION Anti- body negative goes up with ages. There are several factors affecting blood serum antibody generation, such as wound treatment, nonconformance of inoculation, individual health condition, dietetic contraindication etc. Therefore medical personnel should avoid immunity failure due to human factors, and should also prevent failures due to the wound factors to ensure good inoculat- ing effect.

关 键 词：狂犬病 狂犬病毒抗体 检测 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学]