气候变化背景下中国南方地区季节性干旱特征与适应.Ⅲ.基于降水量距平百分率的南方地区季节性干旱时空特征＊  

Characteristics and adaptation of seasonal drought in southern China under the background of climate change.Ⅲ.Spatiotemporal characteristics of seasonal drought in southern China based on the percentage of precipitation anomalies

作　　者：黄晚华[1,2] 隋月[2,3] 杨晓光[2] 代姝玮[2,4] 李茂松[5] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象科学研究所,长沙410118 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [4]美国内布拉斯加林肯大学自然资源学院,林肯68583 [5]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第2期397-406,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04B07);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001)资助

摘　　要：分析季节性干旱时空特征和发生规律,可为全球气候变化背景下制定抗旱减灾对策提供理论依据.本研究利用南方15个省(市、区)的气象台站1959—2008年逐日降水、气温资料,以国家标准《气象干旱等级》中的降水量距平百分率作为干旱指标,并进行修正,计算了1959—2008年南方地区干旱指数,分析了年、季、月尺度干旱频率的空间分布特征、以及干旱强度、干旱站次比的年际变化.结果表明:研究期间,南方地区年尺度干旱风险总体较小.干旱空间特征存在明显的季节性差异,南方地区季节性干旱以秋旱发生频率最高、强度最重,其多发生在长江中下游地区和华南地区等主要农作区;其次为冬旱,主要发生在西南地区西部和华南地区等冬作区;春旱和夏旱较轻,春旱多发区在西南地区西南部、华南南部以及淮北等地,夏旱多发区在长江中下游地区、福建东南沿海和西南地区东北部.研究区干旱多发区呈明显的月际波动变化和空间转换,11月到次年5月,干旱多发区范围随季节推移减小,5—11月,干旱多发区范围随季节推移增大,4—6月干旱发生范围最小,11—12月干旱多发区范围最广.1959—2008年,南方地区年尺度干旱范围略有减小、干旱强度略有增强,但不同季节表现不尽相同:春旱范围略有减小、强度减轻,夏旱范围明显减小、强度减轻,秋旱范围明显增大、强度增重,冬旱范围减小、强度减轻.To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and occurrence regularity of seasonal drought can provide theoretical basis for constituting the countermeasures of drought resistance and drought mitigation under the background of global climate change.Based on the 1959-2008 daily precipitation and atmospheric temperature data collected from the meteorological stations in 15 provinces（municipalities,and autonomous regions） of southern China,and using the percentages of precipitation anomalies（Pa） in the national standard ＂Meteorological Drought Classification＂,which were locally modified,the drought indices in southern China in 1959-2008 were calculated,and the spatial distribution characteristics of drought frequency in southern China in each year,each season,and each month,as well as the inter-annual changes of the drought intensity and the proportions of the stations with seasonal drought were analyzed.In the study period,the annual drought risk in southern China was generally low.There existed obvious seasonal differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of the drought.Autumn drought was most frequent and most intensive,mainly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,South China and in the other major agricultural areas,winter drought was also frequent and intensive,mainly occurred in the west of Southwest China and the South China and other winter crop planting areas,while spring drought and summer drought were relatively less frequent or intensive.Spring drought mostly occurred in the southwest of Southwest China,the south of South China,and Huaibei area etc.,and summer drought mostly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,southeastern coastal area of Fujian,and northeast of Southwest China.The area with drought frequently occurred showed an obvious monthly fluctuation and space transformation,which was decreased with time from November to next May,increased with time from May to November,in the smallest range from April to June,and in the widest range

关 键 词：降水量距平百分率 季节性干旱 中国南方 

分 类 号：S423[农业科学—植物保护]