玉米产量相关性状的遗传分析与育种应用  

Genetic Analysis on Yield-related Traits and Its Application for Breeding of Zea mays L.

作　　者：石明亮[1] 孙权星[1] 陈小晖[1] 彭长俊[1] 程玉静[1] 陈国清[1] 薛林[1] 陆虎华[1] 黄小兰[1] 郝德荣[1] 冒宇翔[1] 胡加如[1] 谭河林[2] 洪德林[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226541 [2]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2012年第12期1292-1297,共6页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2010AA101301);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(10)133];江苏省农业科技支撑计划项目(BE2011303;BE2012335);南通市应用研究计划项目(K2010022);南通市农业科技创新计划项目(AL2010004;HL2011030;HL2012029)

摘　　要：利用自主育成的3个玉米自交系S1、S3和S7组配的2个组合(S1×S3和S3×S7)的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2等6个世代,运用六世代主基因+多基因模型联合分析方法,进行穗总重、穗长、穗粗、轴粗性状的遗传分析。结果表明,玉米穗总重性状在2个组合中均表现为以主基因遗传为主,2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传。穗长性状组合S1×S3表现为加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传;S3×S7组合表现为1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传。穗粗性状组合S1×S3表现为1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传;S3×S7组合表现为1对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传。穗长、穗粗性状均表现为多基因遗传为主。轴粗性状组合S1×S3表现为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传,主基因遗传为主;S3×S7组合表现为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传,多基因遗传为主。研究结果显示轴粗、穗总重、穗粗多以加性遗传为主,有利等位基因聚合育种及早代选择较有效。而要选获非加性遗传为主控制的穗长性状的高表型个体,晚代选择才有效,且2性状的F1代由于超显性作用可出现高表型组合。A genetic analysis on the yield-related traits of Zea mays L.was conducted by using the mixed major genes and polygene inheritance models.The joint analytic method on the P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 generations of two crosses made from 3 inbred lines of the maize,which was newly bred by the Agricultural Sciences Institute of Riparian of Jiangsu Yangtze,was applied for the study.The results indicated that the weight per ear of maize was controlled by two pairs of major genes and the polygenes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects.And,the trait was mainly governed by the major genes in both crosses.The ear length was controlled by the additive-dominance-epistasis polygenes in the cross S1×S3;whereas in the cross S3×S7,the trait was controlled by one additive-dominance major-gene as well as the additive-dominance-epistasis polygenes.The ear diameter was controlled by one additive-dominance major-gene and the additive-dominance-epistasis polygenes in the cross S1×S3;whereas in the cross S3×S7,the trait was controlled by one wholly dominance major-gene and the additive-dominance polygenes.Both ear length and diameter were mostly governed by polygenes.The cob diameter was controlled by two additive-dominance-epistasis major-genes and the additive-dominance polygenes in the cross S1×S3;whereas in the cross S3×S7,the trait was controlled by two additive-dominance-epistasis major-genes and the additive-dominance-epistasis polygenes,and was mainly governed by polygenes.The cob diameter,weight per ear and ear diameter were mostly affected by their additive genetic components.Therefore,to use favorable allele polymerization would be effective for breeding and/or early generation selection.Nevertheless,to obtain the high phenotypic individuals with the ear length trait ought to take place in the late generation stage,as its main genetic components were non-additive.And the F1 generation of the two traits,due to the superdominance effect,could produce the high phenotypic cross combinations.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 产量相关性状 六世代主基因+多基因遗传模型联合分析 育种应用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]