Breeding Status, Nesting Densities ＆ Diet Trends of Two Endangered California Least Tern Colonies  

作　　者：David L. Riensche Meredith L. Elliott Susan H. Euing 

机构地区：[1]Planning and Stewardship Department, East Bay Regional Park District, Oakland 94605, California, USA [2]PRBO Conservation Science, Petaluma 94954, California, USA [3]U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alameda 94501, California, USA

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》2012年第10期1135-1145,共11页环境科学与工程（B）

摘　　要：The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. Long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. Least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.

关 键 词：California least tern endangered species breeding status nesting densities diet trends. 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] TP334.22[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]