论我国农村土地所有权的民法改造  

On the Rebuilding of Rural Land Property Right by Civil Laws in China

作　　者：张晓娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学法学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《西部论坛》2013年第1期11-17,共7页West Forum

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学研究项目(10skh12)"统筹城乡新格局下重庆市农村土地流转法律对策研究"

摘　　要：目前,我国农村集体土地所有权主体身份不明,集体土地所有权权能在现实中被弱化,需要在不改变农村土地集体所有的前提下进行改革和制度创新。我国现行制度下的农村集体土地所有权并不是完全意义上的物权,欲革除其"主体虚位"、"权能缺失"等弊端,则必须对其进行民法上的构建。农村土地所有权应当符合私法固有的逻辑与价值理念,农村集体应当被视为独立、自主的民事主体,即私法上的人,其权利的行使应当体现私法自治原则,尽量淡化公法化色彩和排除行政权力的干扰。应当将目前的三种集体形式统一为农民集体,并在民法中明确农民集体是法人;应当采用股份合作制方式进行农民集体法人化改造,并构建农民集体的法人治理结构。Currently, the subjective status of collective land property right in rural China is not obvious, the collective land property right is easily weakened in reality and needs to be reformed and institutionally innovated under the premise of not changing rural land collective ownership. Under current institution of China, rural collective land property right is not a real property right in real complete meaning, the rebuilding of its property right by civil law is necessary in order to remove its malfunction such as subjective default and absence of right and function and so on. Rural land property right should fit for the logic and value concept of private law, rural collective should be regarded as independent and autonomous civil subject, i.e. a person in private law, its right implementation should embody private law autonomy principle but should try to languish public law and exclude the interference of administrative right. China should integrate current three kinds of collective forms into one peasant collective, clearly define peasant collective as a corporation in civil law, should reform peasant collective into a corporation by using stock cooperation system and construct corporation management .structure for peasant collective.

关 键 词：农村集体土地所有权 农民集体法人化改造 主体虚位 权能缺失 民事主体 股份合作制 法人治理结构 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.3[政治法律—法学] F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]