中国流域生态补偿机制实施框架与补偿模式研究——基于补偿资金来源的视角  

Study on Implementation Framework and Compensation Pattern of Basin Ecological Compensation Mechanism in China:From the Perspective of Compensation Funds Source

作　　者：王军锋[1,2] 侯超波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]天津市循环经济与低碳发展人文社科研究基地,天津300071

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第2期23-29,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71003056);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(编号:NKZXB1010022)

摘　　要：流域生态补偿机制是解决流域生态环境问题、实现环境资源有偿利用的重要政策工具,结合流域及地方实际情况,因地制宜选择合适的流域生态补偿模式对于在全国范围切实开展流域生态补偿实践具有重要意义。本文在述评我国流域生态补偿实践进展及其相关问题的基础上,研究构建我国流域生态补偿机制实施框架体系,揭示其基本环节的主要特点,并从补偿资金来源的视角,将我国流域生态补偿模式划分为上下游政府间协商交易的流域生态补偿模式、上下游政府间共同出资的流域生态补偿模式、政府间财政转移支付的流域生态补偿模式和基于出境水质的政府间强制性扣缴流域生态补偿模式等类别,系统阐释了各种模式的特点与适用条件,提出进一步完善我国流域生态补偿机制的思路和建议。Basin Ecological Compensation Mechanism （BECM） is an important policy tool to resolve eco-environmental problems and realize compensable utilization of environmental resources. Selecting proper BECM pattern in terms of local conditions and combining it with basin situation are of great significance to popularize BECM in the whole country. Based on this background, this paper first reviews the BECM practice progress all around the country, constructs an implementation framework system of BECM, and summarizes the basic links and main features of the Framework. Furthermore, the paper classifies BECM practices into four types from the perspective of compensation funds sources and discusses the specific characteristics and application conditions of each pattern. That＇ s to say, negotiated transaction BECM pattern among governments＇ upstream and downstream, jointly funded BECM pattern among governments＇ upstream and downstream, financial transfer payment BECM pattern among governments and inter-government compulsory withholding BECM pattern based on outbound water quality. Finally, the paper puts forward some reflections and recommendations to perfect BECM in China.

关 键 词：流域生态补偿机制 补偿资金 补偿模式 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F205