北方采暖地区居住建筑低碳标准研究  

A Study on Low-carbon Standards for Residential Buildings in Northern Heating Zone of China

作　　者：陈洪波[1] 储诚山[2] 王新春[3] 袁路[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究所,北京100732 [2]天津社会科学院城市经济研究所,天津300191 [3]建筑材料工业技术情报研究所,北京100024 [4]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京102488

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第2期58-65,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目"我国主要行业温室气体监测与核算技术研究"子课题"建筑交通领域温室气体排放监测核算技术开发"(编号:2012BAC20B11);万通地产股份有限公司提供资助

摘　　要：建筑与工业和交通并列为温室气体排放的三大重点领域,同时,建筑也是碳减排成本相对较低的领域,控制建筑领域温室气体排放是应对气候变化的重点和优先领域。设计和建造低碳建筑是控制建筑领域碳排放的重要途径,已经成为国际建筑发展的新趋势。欧洲各国正研究制定低碳或零碳建筑的法定标准,美国也在推行建筑零能源账单计划。我国从1995年开始实施建筑节能设计标准,2006年又推出绿色建筑评价标准,但目前尚没有低碳建筑标准。本文在研究国内外大量绿色建筑标准、节能建筑标准的基础上,首先界定了低碳建筑的含义,然后基于一个三星级绿色建筑实例,采用层次分析法、德尔菲法和案例分析法,从建筑的外围护结构、可再生能源利用等10个方面,选取了42项指标,研究制定了北方采暖地区居住建筑的低碳建筑评价标准。本文认为,低碳建筑是指单位建筑面积的碳排放至少低于依照国家建筑节能设计标准建造的参照建筑的建筑。建设低碳建筑有两种途径,一是提高建筑的能源利用效率,二是提高可再生能源在建筑中的利用比例。构建低碳建筑标准,首先要超越现行的国家建筑节能标准和绿色建筑评价标准,覆盖范围要更广,标准要求要更高;其次,要强调建筑本体节能优先,突出建筑围护结构热工性能和体形系数等设计要求;再次,要强调可再生能源的规模化利用,鼓励安装储能和能源输出设施,建设"零碳建筑"和"负碳建筑";最后,要注重建筑全生命周期的碳减排,针对建筑项目开发的各个环节制定标准控制和评价方法,增强标准的针对性和实用性。本文建议以本标准为参考尽快制定国家低碳建筑标准,制定低碳建筑的量化评价与考核方法,并将低碳建筑纳入国家政策支持范围。The building sector is one of three largest sources of greenhouse gas emission, with the other two being manufacturing and transport sectors. And it is the most cost effective sector for emission reductions. Therefore, the buildings sector constitutes a major and priority area for climate change mitigation. To design and construct low-carbon buildings is one of the important solutions to cut carbon emission in buildings. Consequently, low-carbon has become a new and key component in international building development. Low/ zero carbon building code is being developed in many European countries. A programme of zero energy bill in buildings is put under the legislation process in the United States. The first energy efficiency standard in residential buildings was introduced and implemented in China in 1995, and the evaluation standard for green building was released in 2006. However, there has been no standard for low- carbon buildings in China so far. Based on analysis of standards for green buildings and for energy efficiency in buildings home and abroad, this paper first provides a definition of the low-carbon buildings. Then a system of low-carbon standard for residential building is created in the northern heating zone of China, by using Analytic Hierarchy Process, Delphi methods and a 3-star Green Building case. This system consists of 42 elements in 10 aspects, including building envelop and renewable energy usage. The paper argues that a low-carbon building must be characterized by lower unit area carbon emission than that in the reference building which meets the national standard for energy efficiency buildings. There are two approaches to low-carbon building construction： improving energy efficiency in buildings and increasing use of renewable energy. For establishment of a low-carbon buildings standard, a few key issues must be taken into account. First, the proposed standards must go beyond the current levels for energy efficiency in buildings and for green buildings. Second, improving energy efficie

关 键 词：低碳建筑 标准 建筑节能 可再生能源 

分 类 号：F287.8[经济管理—国民经济]