密度对杂交棉群体冠层及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Densities on the Group Canopy and Photosynthetic Production of Hybrid Cotton

作　　者：刘翠[1] 张巨松[1] 阿依加玛丽 石俊毅[1] 武辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第1期1-7,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2009BADA4B01-3)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同密度水平杂交棉冠层结构、光合特性及与产量的变化规律,为南疆杂交棉高产高效栽培技术提供理论依据。[方法]以兆丰1号和鲁棉研30号为材料研究不同密度处理下杂交棉冠层结构、光合特性及与产量的关系。[结果]随着生育进程的推移,LAI先增后减,到盛花期达到最大值,18.75×10~4、26.25×10~4株/hm^2显著高于11.25×10~4株/hm^2;冠层开度先降后升,盛铃期达最小值,透光率在盛铃期表现为11.25×10~4<18.75×10~4<26.25×10~4(株/hm^2),铃对位叶Tr先降后升而其SPAD值及Pn均呈先升后降,其中18.75×10~4>11.25×10~4>26.25×10~4(株/hm^2)的规律。从产量构成因素看,单株结铃数随着密度的增加而降低;兆丰1号的单铃重呈显著性差异,鲁棉研30号差异不显著,总铃数表现出18.75×10~4>26.25×10~4>11.25×10~4(株/hm^2)的规律,衣分无差异。其中18.75×10~4株/hm^2条件下,产量最高达9 800 kg/hm^2。[结论]在南疆自然生态条件下,18.75×10~4株/hm^2密度处理既能发挥杂交棉个体优势,同时具备群体优势,最终夺得高产。[ Objective ] The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of the group canopy structure, photosynthesis rate and their impacts on yield components. [ Method ] Zhaofengl and Lumianyan 30 were taken as the material to study the effects of 3 planting densities on the group canopy structure, photosynthesis rate and their impacts on yield components. [ Result ] The result showed that LAI decreased with reproductive process, which was the maximum at the flowering stage and 11.25 × 10^4 plants/hm2 were significantly smaller than 18.75 × 10^4 plants/hm2 , and 26.25 × 10^4 plants /hm2. Canopy structure first decreased and then increased, which was minimum at the boll stage. The law of light transmittance at the boll stage was I 1.25 × 10^4 〈 18.75 × 10^4 〈 26.25 × 10^4 （ plants/hm2）. The transpiration rate of opposite leaf boll at first decreased and the increased, but the SPAD and Pn showed at first increased and then decreased, and both laws were 18.75 × 10^4 〉 11.25 × 10^4 〉 26.25 × 10^4（plants/hm2）. From the yield components, with density increased, the number of bolls per plant decreased, Zhaofeng 1 showed significant difference in weight for per boll while Lumianyan 30 did not. The total boll number showed the law of 18.75 × 10^4 〉 26.25 × 10^4 〉 11.25 × 10^4 （ plants/hm2 ）. And there was no difference in lint. Yield was up to 9,800 kg/hm2 under the condition 18. 75 ×10^4 plants /hm2. [ Conclusion ] Under the natural ecological conditions of Southern Xinjiang, hybrid cotton with the 18.75 × 10^4 plants /hm2 density treatment could not only express the individual superiority, but also had the group advantage.

关 键 词：密度 杂交棉 群体冠层 光合特性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]