中亚土地资源开发与利用分析  

Land resource development and utilization in Central Asia

作　　者：范彬彬[1,2] 罗格平[1] 胡增运[1] 李超凡[1,2] 韩其飞[1,2] 王渊刚[1,2] 李小玉[1] 艳燕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2012年第6期928-937,共10页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2010DFA92720-09);国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2009CB825105)

摘　　要：中亚地区土地资源开发与利用研究信息资料有限,研究深度无法满足亚欧内陆干旱区社会经济可持续发展的科学要求。采用欧空局(ESA)GlobCover 2 2005年的全球陆地覆盖数据集资料和世界粮农组织(FAO)统计资料,较为系统分析了1992-2009年中亚土地资源开发与利用及其变化趋势。研究表明:(1)中亚耕地面积及作物产量呈先迅速下降后缓慢上升的趋势,耕地面积由1992年的43.1×10~4km^2(比例10.9%)下降到2000年的29.8×10~4km^2(比例7.58%),然后上升至2009年的31.6×10~4km^2(比例8.04%),但仍未恢复到1990年代初的水平;(2)林地与草地面积变化不明显,但草地载畜量变化显著。其中哈萨克斯坦2009年草地载畜量(6.25×10~7标准羊单位)仅为1992年草地载畜量(9.91×10~7标准羊单位)的63.1%;土库曼斯坦2009年草地载畜量为2.96×10~7标准羊单位,是1992年草地载畜量(1.04×10~7标准羊单位)的3倍左右;乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦草地载畜量均有不同程度的增加;(3)中亚地区土地资源生产潜力巨大,但在土地利用过程中出现了农田土壤侵蚀、土壤盐渍化和过渡放牧等生态问题,如何有效治理与防治上述问题,对中亚地区土地资源可持续利用和生态保护具有重要意义。The study on the development and utilization of land resources in Central Asia is instability, for the rea- son that the information is limited. Then, it is difficult to meet the relevant systemic research to fit the need about the socio-economic sustainable development of the Asia- Europe inland arid regions. Therefore, in this paper, the 2005＇ s global land cover dataset materials of ESA and the statistical data of FAO are used to study the develop- ment, utilization and the change tendency of the land resource in Central Asia during 1992 - 2009. The results in- dicate as follows ： （ 1 ） The area of the farmland and the crop productivity decrease rapidly, and then increase slow- ly. The area of the farmland decreases from 43.1 ×10^4 km2 （ 10.9% ） in 1992 to 29.8 ×10^4 km2 （7.58%） in 2000, and then increases to 31.6 ×10^4 km2 （8.04%） in 2009 which is still far from the farmland area in 1992. Because of the breakup of the Soviet Union, a series of problem including the shortage of means of production, the destruction of the agricultural infrastructure and the market economy is still not established which had been caused the waste of land. After that, the independent of the states in Central Asia leads the recovery of the social economy and the area of farmland. （2） The areas of forest and grassland in Central Asia are varied little. However, the grassland grazing capacity has changed in large degree. creased continually with the number 6. 25 ×10^7 sheep In details ： the grazing capacity of Kazakhstan has been de- in 2009 that is only accounts to 63.1% of the 9.91 ×10^7sheep in 1992; on the contrary, the grazing capacity of Turkmenistan has been increasing from 1.04 ×10^7 sheep in 1992 to 2.96 ×10^7 sheep in 2009 that is triple of 1.04×10^7 sheep in 1992 ; the grazing capacity of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan increases at different degree, respectively. The privatization of pasture in the most of Central Asia and the damage of seasonal pasture contribute to the change of t

关 键 词：中亚 土地资源 土地利用 变化趋势 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]