20世纪初美国劳工外交理念的一次重大转变  

From Anti-War to Pro-War Transition of American Labor's Foreign Policy in the Early 20th Century

作　　者：王心扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港科技大学人文学部

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第1期57-67,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：美国劳工外交思想在19世纪末和第一次世界大战期间发生一次重大转变———从坚决反对美西战争到积极支持美国参加世界大战。其转变的原因是,主流工会最初反对美西战争,是担心战争会增加工人的纳税负担,他们尤其担心美国在战后会获得殖民地,造成大量移民从新获取的殖民地涌入美国抢夺本土工人的工作机会;以劳联为代表的主流工会后来支持威尔逊政府的战争政策,是因为支持美国参战有望换取政府对工会的承认和支持,也有利于将劳联的经济工联主义推广到欧洲和世界其他地区。显然,无论美国劳工的外交理念在这20年里如何改变,其动机都是为了维护经济工联主义的原则。This essay explores how and why the foreign policy of American Labor underwent drastic changes - from oppo- sing the Spanish - American War to supporting the U.S. participation in World War I - during the first two decades of the 20th century. The labor unions at first were anti - war because they were won＇ied that wars would increase the tax burden for American workers. They were also afraid that the United States would obtain colonies after the war, resulting in an influx of large numbers of immigrants from the newly acquired territories into America. These newcomers, they feared, would compete with native workers for jobs. Twenty years later, the unions, represented by the American Federation of Labor, strongly supported American participation in World War I, because they wanted to trade their support for the recognition of the labor unions by the government. Meanwhile, supporting the U.S. war policy would also provide a good opportunity for the AFL to export its business unionism to the rest of the world. Obviously, no matter how American Labor＇s foreign policy changed, its determination to safeguard the principle of business unionism remained unaltered.

关 键 词：主流劳工 劳联 龚伯斯 美西战争 第一次世界大战 经济工联主义 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]