由TES反演的大气水汽中δD的时空分布特征  

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the δD in the atmospheric vapor as retrieved from the TES data

作　　者：章新平[1] 张新主[1] 关华德[1,2] 黄一民[1] 吴华武[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙410081 [2]福林德斯大学环境学院

出　　处：《气象学报》2012年第6期1367-1380,共14页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171035;40871094);湖南省重点学科建设项目(2011001);中国科学院青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室开放课题基金(2011004);湖南省教育厅重点项目(09A056)

摘　　要：水汽在大气中的输送具有空间上和时间上的连续性。利用水汽同位素可以更全面地分析水汽的来源、路径、水循环中各分量的再分配和补给形式,更深入地了解水循环中各种空间和时间尺度下水汽的连续变化特征和历史。本研究利用对流层发射光谱仪(TES)反演的825—100hPa层间7个等压面上HDO和H2O数据分析了对流层不同层次大气水汽中δD的时空分布规律以及水汽中δD与大气湿度、大气温度的关系,探讨了水汽同位素与降水同位素的关系以及大尺度水循环过程对水汽同位素的可能影响。结果显示,在空间分布上,对流层大气中水汽δD具有非常明显的带状分布,水汽中δD的分布与可降水量的分布存在很好的对应关系;水汽中δD随垂直气压呈对数型递减,平均递减率由赤道向高纬度减小、陆地向海洋减小。在时间变化上,大气水汽中δD的季节变化存在地域性差别。在中低纬度陆地,水汽中δD的季节变化明显,且与可降水量的季节变化相对应;在中高纬度的许多地区,夏季水汽中δD小于冬季。对流层水汽中δD的空间分布和季节变化具有一致性特点,上对流层和下平流层间水汽中δD的空间分布和季节性变化特点与对流层相反。对流层大气水汽中的δD与层间平均温度和可降水量的相关关系具有相似的分布形势。与降水中的稳定同位素相比,水汽中的稳定同位素在空间分布、季节变化、与温度和湿度的关系上存在某些差异,反映二者在受稳定同位素分馏的影响和水循环中大气环流类型的影响方面存在明显差别。Transport of water vapor in the atmosphere has the continuity in space and time. Using the isotope in water vapor, one can more comprehensively analyze the origins and transport paths of water vapor, and the re-distribution and recharge forms of every component in the water cycle, and more in-depth understand the continuous variational characteristics and history of water vapor on the various spatial and temporal scales in the water cycle. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of the δD in atmospheric water vapor and the relationship of the 3D in water vapor with atmospheric humidity and with temperature at the different levels in the troposphere, and explores the relationship between the stable isotopes in water vapor and in precipitation and the possible impact of the large-scale hydrologieal cycle on the isotopes in water vapor, using the HDO and H2O data retrieved by Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer （TES）, at 7 pressure levels from 825 hPa to 100 hPa. The resuits show that, in spatial variation, the δD in water vapor has a very obvious zonal distribution in the troposphere and a good correspondence with the precipitable water; the δD in water vapor decreases with vertical pressure as logarithmic type and shows a decreasing tendency in the average decline rate from the equator to high latitudes and from lands to oceans. In temporal variation, the seasonality of the δD in water vapor shows a regional difference. In the low-latitude lands, distinct seasonal variation of the δD in water vapor is corresponding to that of the precipitable water, but the δD in water vapor during summer is lower than that during winter in many parts of the middle and high latitudes. The consistent spatial distribution and the seasonal variation characterize the δD in the troposphere, but an opposite situation appears in the interlayer from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. The correlations of the mean δD in water vapor versus the mean temperature and versus the mean precipitable w

关 键 词：TES 水汽 稳定同位素 可降水量 时空分布 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]