新疆小河墓地出土部分金属器的初步分析  

A Preliminary Scientific Analysis of Some Metal Objects Excavated from the Xiaohe Cemetery in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：梅建军[1] 凌勇[2] 陈坤龙[1] 伊第利斯 李文瑛 胡兴军 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所 [2]西北大学文化遗产学院 [3]新疆文物考古研究所

出　　处：《西域研究》2013年第1期39-49,141,共11页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"中华文明探源工程--公元前3500年至前1500年黄河;长江及西辽河流域的技术;生业和资源研究"(项目编号:2010BAK67B03);国家自然科学基金项目"齐家文化铜器的科学分析研究"(项目编号:51074026)的资助

摘　　要：小河墓地是新疆发现的最早的青铜时代遗址之一,其中所出的金属制品是研究冶金在新疆和中国西北早期发展的重要实物,一直为学界所关注。本文报告了对19件小河墓地出土金属器的初步科学分析结果,其中包括12件金属样品和7件金耳环实物标本。分析结果表明:在12件金属样品中,7件为铜锡合金,3件为纯铜,1件为铜锡砷合金,还有1件耳环为纯锡;而7件金耳环全部用金银合金制成;所使用的加工工艺主要为热锻和冷加工。值得注意的是,锡耳环和金银耳环均为迄今中国境内经科学鉴定发现的最早的锡和金银合金制品。小河墓地金属器在材质和加工工艺上所展现出的多样性,反映了小河墓地与周邻地区早期文化之间存在着广泛的联系或互动。The metal objects excavated from the Xiaohe cemetery,one of the earliest Bronze Age sites found so far in Xinjiang,have attracted considerable research interest,as they provide crucial material evidence for understanding the beginnings of metallurgy in Xinjiang as well as in northwestern China.In this paper,a preliminary scientific analysis of 19 metal objects (12 metal samples and 7 gold earrings) is presented.The analysis results have revealed that among the 12 metal samples,7 are made of Cu-Sn alloys,3 unalloyed copper,1 Cu-Sn-As alloy and 1 unalloyed Sn;while 7 gold earrings are all made of Au-Ag alloys.The manufacturing techniques used at the Xiaohe cemetery are dominated by hot-forging and cold-working.It has been pointed out that both the Sn earring and the Au-Ag earrings are the earliest objects of Sn and Au-Ag identified so far in China.It has also been suggested that the diversity in alloy types and manufacturing techniques as seen among the Xiaohe metals indicates the existence of a range of cultural connections between Xiaohe and its neighboring regions.

关 键 词：早期冶金 古代金属技术 新疆考古 小河墓地 

分 类 号：K854.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]