创业心智研究进展及其模型构建  

The Advance in the Studies of the Mental Mechanisms of Entrepreneurship and the Entrepreneurial Mental Model's Structure

作　　者：王沛[1] 谌志亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第1期83-90,共8页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究重点项目"上海市高校毕业生就业与创业教育问题研究"(A0831);上海师范大学重点学科项目

摘　　要：首先通过梳理国内外有关创业概念的内涵,发现创业概念的界定主要关注点集中在创业主体、创业过程及创业结果三个方面展开。创业概念衍变的一个较大的进步是从关注创业主体转向关注创业过程。据此对创业进行了新的界定。接着阐述了有关创业心智的研究成果与结论,涉及创业胜任力、创业效能感、创业特质和创业动机等心智。同时发现,研究者们基本上局限于从某个层面出发研究创业的心智。事实上,这些心智是有机联系、相互作用、紧密不可分割的一个动态系统。为此,提出创业心智模型这一理论构念来描述创业的动态心理系统,认为创业心智模型是一个多层次多维度的心理结构,主要包括两个层次:第一层次由创业认知系统、创业动力系统和创业行为意向三部分构成。第二层次涉及七个维度,其中,创业认知系统由创业意识和创业环境认知两维度构成;创业动力系统由创业动机、创业兴趣和创业效能三个维度构成;创业行为意向由创新性和敢为性两个维度构成。The clarification of the connotation of entrepreneurship shows that the definition of entrepreneurship mainly focu- ses on entrepreneurial objects, entrepreneurial processes and results. The move of the focus of the entrepreneurship concept from entrepreneurial objects to entrepreneurial processes is a step forward. Accordingly, the entrepreneurship is redefined. The paper presents related research findings and conclusions on the mental mechanisms of entrepreneurship which involves entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial efficiency, entrepreneurial traits and motivation. Previous studies limit their analyses of the mental mechanisms of entrepreneurship to a certain level. In fact, these mental mechanisms are a logically related, interactive and inte- gral dynamic system. As a result, entrepreneurial mental models are put forward to explain the dynamic system of entrepreneur- ship, which are multi - level and multi - dimensional mental structures mainly including two levels ： the first level is composed of entrepreneurial cognitive system, entrepreneurial motivation system and entrepreneurial behavior intention; the second level in- volves seven dimensions. Among them, the cognitive system is made of pioneering consciousness and entrepreneurial environment cognition; the entrepreneurial motivation system consists of entreprenem＇ial motivation, business interest and entrepreneurial ef- fectiveness ; and the entrepreneurial behavior intention is composed of the innovativeness and social boldness.

关 键 词：创业 创业心理 创业心智模型 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]