豫中烟区烤烟替代品种经济性状和质量性状对施氮量的响应  

Responses of economic and quality characters of flue-cured tobacco genotypes as replacement to the nitrogen fertilizer rates in central Henan Province

作　　者：穆文静[1] 曹晓涛 顾少龙[1] 段卫东 马永建 王维超 顿颂阳 史宏志[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省襄城县烟草公司,河南襄城县461700 [3]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第1期60-66,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局浓香型特色优质烟叶开发项目(110201101001(TS-01))

摘　　要：【目的】研究豫中地区烤烟品种NC297与豫烟5号在物理性状、经济性状、化学成分及致香物质上对施氮量的响应,为豫中地区浓香型烤烟品种施肥提供技术支持。【方法】以NC297、豫烟5号2个烤烟品种为材料,设置施氮量梯度(0,22.5,45,67.5和90kg/hm2)试验,分析2个品种在物理性状、经济性状、化学成分及致香物质上对施氮量的响应趋势,提出2个品种的最优施氮水平。【结果】在施氮量0～90kg/hm2时,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、单叶质量、叶质重与施氮量呈线性相关;叶片厚度、含梗率与施氮量间存在二次曲线关系,随着施氮量的增加叶片厚度先升高后降低,含梗率先降低后升高。产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例与施氮量的关系均为二次曲线相关,随着施氮量的增加,产量逐渐上升,但增加幅度逐渐减小,NC297、豫烟5号获得最大产值时的施氮量分别为42.92和44.34kg/hm2;均价最高时的施氮量分别为27.81和29.43kg/hm2;上等烟比例达到最大值时的施氮量分别为40.62和37.91kg/hm2。NC297、豫烟5号均以施氮量22.5和45kg/hm2处理化学成分最为协调,致香物质含量以施氮量45kg/hm2处理最高。【结论】NC297、豫烟5号的最适宜施氮量分别为27.81～42.92,29.43～44.34kg/hm2。2个品种均属于低氮高效品种,可在豫中地区推广种植,以减少资源浪费和环境污染。[Objective] In order to guide fertilization for the quality improvement of full flavor tobaccos in central Henan Province, the responses of physical properties, economic traits, chemical compositions, and aroma components to nitrogen application rates were studied through two flue-cured tobacco varieties, NC297 and Yuyan 5. [Method] Taking NC297 and Yuyan 5 as materials,the gradient test of applied nitro- gen（0,22.5,45,67.5 and 90 kg/hm2 ）was set to analyze the response trends of two different varieties char- acters mentioned above to the applied nitrogen. Based on the results, the optimal nitrogen rate for each vari- ety was proposed. [Result] Leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,weight per leaf,and weight per unit leaf area were linearly correlated to nitrogen applied from 0 to 90 kg/hm2. Both leaf thickness and stem ratio had quadratic relationships with nitrogen fertilizer amount. With increase of the amount of nitrogen applied, leaf thickness first increased then decreased, while the stem ratio behaved inversely. Yield, output value, average price,price,and proportion of superior tobacco leaf were all quadratic eurvilinearly correlated with the a- mount of nitrogen applied. The increase rate of yield decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level. The amount of nitrogen applied that obtained highest yeild, highest average price and proportion of superior tobacco leaf and Yuyan 5 were 42.92,27.81, and 40. 62 kg/hm2 for NC297 and 44.34,29.43, and 37.91 kg/hm2 for Yuyan 5. The chemical compositions of NC297 and Yuyan 5 were quite compatible when treated with nitrogen rates of 22.5 kg/hm2 and 45 kg/hm2. The total contents of aroma components reached high- est when nitrogen amount was 45 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] The most suitable nitrogen application rates for NC297 and Yuyan 5 were 27.81--42.92 kg/hm2 and 29.43--44.34 kg/hm2 ,respectively. The nitrogen effi- ciencies of both varieties are high at tow nitrogen levels. Cultivating these two varieties widely in central Henan Province can save natural resourc

关 键 词：施氮量 豫中烟区 经济性状 质量性状 NC297 豫烟5号 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]