渭北高原区油菜机械化收获试验研究  

Experimental research on rape mechanical harvesting in Weibei Plateau Area

作　　者：黄耀明 余建国 闫小丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省宝鸡市农机管理推广中心,陕西宝鸡721006 [2]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第1期207-212,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省农业科技攻关项目(陕农机办(2008)129号)

摘　　要：【目的】对4LYZ-2型油菜联合收获机的作业适应性、作业质量进行研究,为该机械的改进和完善及油菜机械收获技术的推广提供参考。【方法】以油菜"甘杂1号"为供试品种,在渭北高原油菜大面积种植区域,选择具有代表性的试验区,设置不同种植密度和成熟度的单因素试验及大田收获试验,对4LYZ-2型油菜联合收获机的最佳收获条件和作业质量进行评价与分析。【结果】油菜机械收获的最佳成熟度为90%,适宜的种植密度为33.0万株/hm2。4LYZ-2型油菜联合收获机收获时的平均含杂率为7.3%,平均破碎率为0.2%。收获的主要损失部位为割台,其收获损失占总损失的64.4%;割台的立刀部位损失最大,占割台总损失的47.2%,其次是排草口和排糠口的损失,分别占割台总损失的32.6%和20.2%。【结论】除含杂率略高外,4LYZ-2型油菜联合收获机的其余各项作业性能均符合农业部标准要求。[Objective] The study aimed to research the operation qualities and optimum planting condi- tions of 4LYZ-2 rape combined-harvester,and to improve the harvester and its wide application to rape har- vesting. [Method] In selected typical experimental area, using ＂Ganza No. 1＂ for tested cultivars,operation qualities and optimum planting conditions were tested and analyzed using single factor experiments and land trial. [Result] The study showed that optimum maturity for mechanical harvesting was over 90% and the suitable planting density was about 33.0 × 104/hm2. The average impurity rate and broken rate of the harvester were 7.3% and 0.2% ,respectively. The main harvesting loss part was the header,accounting for 64.4% of total loss. The vertical knife parts had the major loss to the total in the header with a contribu- tion of 47.2%. The losses of grass discharge part and bran discharging part had the second and the third losing rates,contributing to 32.6% and 20.2% of the total header loss,respectively. [Conclusion] All op- eration qualities of 4LYZ-2 rape combined-harvester, except the slightly higher impurity rate, meet the standard requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture.

关 键 词：4LYZ-2型油菜联合收获机 油菜 机械化收获 渭北高原 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]