甲藻分类历史沿革及中国近海部分甲藻分类地位修订  

Historical development and some emendations of dinoflagellate taxonomy

作　　者：马新[1,2] 李瑞香[1,2] 李艳[1,2] 潘玉龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266061 [2]海洋生态环境科学与工程国家海洋局重点实验室,青岛266061 [3]国家海洋局北海分局,青岛266033

出　　处：《生物多样性》2013年第1期19-27,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项--我国海洋浮游生物分类鉴定技术及在生物多样性保护中的应用(201005015);科技部基础性工作--我国赤潮霉素;海洋浮游植物及海产品中有害微量元素检测与技术标准的研究(2008FY230600);国家重点基础研究发展计划--我国藻华灾害演变机制与生态安全(2010CB428701)

摘　　要：甲藻自发现至今已有200多年的历史。一方面,甲藻的分类地位越来越受到学者的重视;另一方面,随着研究的深入,出现了越来越多的争议和困惑,在一定程度上阻碍了甲藻分类学的发展。本文简述了国内外甲藻分类研究的历史沿革,主要介绍了几次较大的分类地位的变革。另外,目前中国近海甲藻的分类体系与国际上通用的分类体系还有很多差异,为了更好地促进国内甲藻的分类学研究,方便国际间的合作与交流,我们对国际国内的甲藻分类体系(分别以algaeBASE数据库和《中国海洋生物名录》为代表)进行比较,发现目水平上的分类体系基本相同,但在科、属的划分上有很多差异。针对这些差异点查阅文献,寻根溯源,最终提出了一个较为合理的划分。本文所作的主要调整有:将凯伦藻属(Karenia)、卡罗藻属(Karlodinium)和塔卡藻属(Takayama)3个属从裸甲藻科(Gymnodiniaceae)中分出,单独成凯伦藻科(Kareniaceae);角藻属(Ceratium)中的大部分海洋种改为新角藻属(Neoceratium);亚历山大藻属(Alexandrium)从屋甲藻科(Goniodomataceae)中分出,归入膝沟藻科(Gonyaulacaceae);取消异沟藻科(Heteraulacus),由屋甲藻科取而代之;成立2个新目,即尖尾藻目(Oxyrrhinales)和梨甲藻目(Pyrocystales)。The historical development of dinoflagellate taxonomy in China and the world are reviewed, and the taxonomic status of some dinoflagellate groups in Chinese coastal seas are emended. It has been more than 200 years since the discovery of dinoflagellates, but following intensive study, increasing confusion and controversy in dinofalgellate taxonomy has become apparent. In this paper, a broad overview of the history of dinoflagellate taxonomy is presented, highlighting some major developments. Differences exist between the international and Chinese taxonomy system. When comparing the internationally accepted system （based on the information provided by the website algaeBASE） with that used in China （based on the monograph Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas）, we found that they were very similar at the order level, but some differences existed at the family and genus levels. According to morphological and some physiological characteristics, a more reasonable taxonomy is presented. The main emendations are：（1） the three genera named Karenia, Karlodinium and Takayama, are separated from the family Gymnodiniaceae and classified as a new family Kareniaceae; （2） most species in the genus Ceratium are placed in Neoceratium;（3） the genus Alexandrium is separated from family Goniodomataceae, and placed in the family Gonyaulacaceae;（4） the family Heteraulacaceae is replaced by the family Goniodomataceae; and （5） two new orders, Oxyrrhinales and Pyrocystales, are established.

关 键 词：甲藻 分类 Neoceratium ALEXANDRIUM Kareniaceae Oxyrrhinales Pyrocystales 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]