江苏盐城滨海湿地食物网的初步研究  

Primary study on food web of Jiangsu coastal salt marshes

作　　者：欧志吉[1,2] 姜启吴[1] 左平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210093 [2]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《海洋学报》2013年第1期149-157,共9页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40606025);国家海洋局"908专项"(908-ZC-Ⅱ-03);国家公益(农业)项目(200903001-1);国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1103408)

摘　　要：运用稳定同位素方法分析了盐城滨海湿地生态系统中部分生物的食物来源,示踪了食物网的主要碳流途径,提出了估算消费者的营养级的新模型并进行了相应计算,最终构建了江苏滨海湿地简化食物网模型。主要结论:(1)主要初级生产者的δ13 C介于-28.856×10-3与-10.952×10-3之间,δ15 N介于1.219×10-3与6.496×10-3之间,均具有显著差异,消费者个体的δ13 C介于-27.564×10-3与-11.641×10-3之间,δ15 N介于4.462×10-3至10.339×10-3之间;(2)研究区生态系统可以划分成潮间带和潮上带两个亚生态系统,其中潮上带的主要食物源为芦苇,潮间带的主要食物源为互花米草及微体藻类,盐蒿对两个亚生态系统都有一定的食物贡献率,但均不高。(3)研究区的大型底栖生物及草食性哺乳类大部分占据第二营养级;(4)研究区动物可以划分为8个主要功能类群,即植食性哺乳类、植食性昆虫、鸟类、淡水游泳类、咸水鱼类、底内动物、底上动物以及浮游动物。总之,潮间带动物比潮上带动物的食物组成多样性略高,与研究区域的生物多样性基本吻合。另外,潮间带生物的食物竞争十分激烈,光滩上分布有一定重叠的优势种并存在一定的食物生态位分化。It was analyzed that δ^13C and δ^15N Of plants, animals and faeces, then built up a simplified salt marsh food web model in Yancheng coastal salt marshes, Jiangsu Province. The main results showed： （1） The δ^13C value of primary producers are between- 28. 856 × 10^-3 and- 10. 952 × 10^-3 , and the δ^15 N are between 1. 219 × 10^-3 and 6.496× 10^-3, with significant differences. The δ^15C value of consumers are between--27. 564 X 10 s and- 11. 641 × 10^-3 , and the δ^15 are between 4. 462× 10^-3 and 10. 339× 10^-3 ; （2） The ecosystem of Yancheng coast- al marshes can be divided into intertidal sub-ecosystem and supratidal sub-ecosystem, and the main food source of supratidal belt is Phragmes austraZis, while in the intertidal belt are Spartina alterniflora and micro-algae, Saudea salva contributes to both the two sub-ecosystems but with low contribution; （3） Most of the large herbiv- orous mammals and benthic organisms in Yancheng coastal marshes occupy the second trophic level; （4） The ani- mals living in Yancheng coastal marshes can be divided into 8 major ecological groups as herbivorous mammals, herbivorous insects, birds, freshwater swimming animals, salt-water fishes, endofauna, epifauna and zooplank- ton. Therefore, the diversity of animal food composition of the intertidal belt was slightly higher than that of the supratidal belt. The food competition between intertidal animals was very intense, and the dominant species which overlapped on the bare belt have a slightadj food niche differentiation.

关 键 词：碳同位素 氮同位素 江苏盐城滨海湿地 食物网 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]