新史料发现与“秦族东来说”的坐实  

The Discovery of New Historical Materials and the Confirmation of the “Eastern Origin of the Qin Ethnicity”

作　　者：王洪军[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学文学院,教授哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2013年第2期163-185,208,共23页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：2011年度国家社科基金一般项目"谶纬与汉代诗学研究"(项目号11BZW032)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：秦之先祖是被周人迁徙至甘陕一带的商盖(商奄)。商奄原系殷商故都,后成为商的"支子封国",商奄之民属殷商族裔。商奄自称少皞氏之裔,嬴姓。秦人祭祀少皞氏,便是祭祀自己的始祖神。基于这种亲缘关系,商的重臣(即秦人先祖)蜚廉联合少皞氏之墟的徐、黄、江等嬴姓国与禄父数度叛周。践奄之后,周人将商奄故地及部分奄民分封给伯禽。奄君及部分子民被迁徙到齐国蒲姑,令齐国看管。恶来之子女防及部分奄民被远徙汧渭之间。周初先期抵达此地,为周人保西陲的中潏子孙即为出土文献所说的"秦夷",后来的商奄之民被称为"戍秦人",即清华简所谓"秦先人"。商奄后裔逐渐强大后,周孝王分割大骆嫡子封地与非子,嬴秦始为大夫、封诸侯,又益地千里并最终统一中国。The ancestors of Qin were the Shanggai(Shangyan) people who were relegated by the Zhou people to the Shaanxi and Gansu region.Shangyan was originally the capital and then a 'vassal state' of the Shang dynasty.The Shangyan people were of Shang ethnicity.The Shangyan people referred to themselves as the descendants of Shaohao,with the surname of Ying.When the Qin people worshipped Shaohao,they were worshipping their earliest ancestor.It was based on this kinship that the Shang official Feilian,along with Lufu and other Ying-surnamed states of Xu,Huang and Jiang,waged several rebellions against Zhou.After the rebellion in the Shangyan State was put down,the Zhou people conferred the land of Shangyan and some Shangyan people onto Boqin.The Shangyan emperor and some of his subjects were exiled to Pugu of the Qi state,under the care of Qi.The children of Elai and other Shangyan people were exiled to the area between Qian River and Wei River.They were the first comers during the earlier period of the Zhou dynasty.The descendents of Zhongyu who guarded the western border of Zhou were known as 'Qin barbarians' in unearthed documents,and the later-on Shangyan people were called 'Shuqin people,' namely the 'ancestors of Qin' in Tsinghua bamboo slips.When the Shangyan descendants became stronger,and when Emperor Xiao of the Zhou Dynasty granted some land of Daluo's heir son to Feizi,the Ying-surnamed Qin became the bureaucrat and then the vassal,and was granted thousands of miles of land.It finally unified China.

关 键 词：赢秦 地望 族源 迁徙 

分 类 号：K28[历史地理—历史学]