高效硝化细菌的筛选及特性研究  

Screening and characteristics of an efficient nitrobacterium

作　　者：王小菊[1] 何春平[1] 王震[2] 邢传宏[2] 宋安东[1] 陈红歌[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450002 [2]郑州大学水环学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2013年第2期286-292,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"水体污染控制与治理"资助(2009ZX07210-002)

摘　　要：利用选择性培养基从SBR活性污泥中分离出一株硝化细菌N4,采用比色法和离子色谱法检测该菌株培养液里残余NO2-含量,可知该菌株的硝化速率达到(52.0±3.5)mg/(L.d).通过形态、生理生化和16S rDNA分析表明,该菌属于固氮弧菌属(Azoarcus).在15℃下对N4进行耐低温驯化表明,在10%接种量条件下,该菌能在8d内稳定地实现NO2-→NO3-全部转化,硝化速率达到120.7mg/(L.d)以上.对驯化菌株N4-L在15℃下的硝化特性进行研究表明,在pH值为8.0、葡萄糖浓度为2g/L、NaNO2浓度为1g/L时其硝化能力最强.提取N4-L总DNA及冬季活性污泥絮体的总DNA,扩增16S rDNA的V3可变区,进行DGGE分析说明,N4-L不是污泥絮体中的优势菌.研究表明,采取有关措施使N4-L菌株成为絮体优势菌可能是提高SBR脱氮运行效率的有效途径.A nitrobacterium N4 was isolated from SBR activated sludge using selective media. Its nitrification rate reached （52.0=E3.5）mg/（L.d） measured by analyzing the residual NO2 content in culture medium using both colorimetry and ion chromatography method. The N4 strain was identified to belong to the genus of Azoarcus based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. After acclimated under 15 ~C, the stain got the ability to transform NO2 to NO3 completely in 8 days at 15~C when the inoculation amount was 10%, with a nitrification rate of more than 120.7mg/（L.d）. Investigations about nitrification characteristics of the acclimated strain N4-L showed that it had the highest nitrification ability under the conditions ofpH 8.0, 2g/L of glucose, and lg/L of NaNO2. DGGE analysis of N4_L and activated sludge in winter was performed by extracting their total DNA followed by amplifying the V3 variable region of 16S rDNA respectively. The result showed that N4-L was not the dominant bacterium in the activated sludge, which suggested that making Na-L the dominant species in SBR system by some strategies may provide an effective way to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency of SBR system in winter.

关 键 词：硝化细菌 硝化速率 活性污泥 低温驯化 

分 类 号：X501[环境科学与工程—环境工程]