代谢酶乙酰化修饰对新陈代谢的调控  

The Regulation of Metabolism Pathway by Acetylation of Enzymes

作　　者：明轩 江松敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2013年第2期130-136,共7页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：复旦大学本科教学研究课题基金资助项目(2012)~~

摘　　要：蛋白质的赖氨酸乙酰化修饰可以定义为在蛋白质的赖氨酸残基上添加或移除一个乙酰基团,这个过程是由乙酰化酶和脱乙酰酶调控的.真核生物细胞核内组蛋白和转录因子的可逆乙酰化修饰对基因表达调控的机制早已研究得比较清楚.1996年以来,一些独立的研究也陆续发现,参与到其他生命活动中的蛋白质存在着乙酰化修饰情况,表明乙酰化可能在生命活动中发挥着广泛的调节作用.然而直到2009年,高通量的蛋白质质谱分析技术才使得在蛋白质组水平上研究乙酰化修饰成为可能,并发现蛋白质乙酰化普遍存在.学者们发现,乙酰化修饰是一个在细胞核或细胞质的亚细胞器内广泛存在的翻译后修饰调控机制,可能参与了染色体重塑、细胞周期调控、细胞骨架的大分子运输、新陈代谢等多种生命活动.本文详细总结代谢酶的乙酰化修饰对新陈代谢调控的关键作用,并说明代谢酶的乙酰化修饰是一个从原核生物到真核生物进化上高度保守的调控机制.Lysine acetylation can be defined as the transfer of an acetyl group to the lysine residues in proteins,this process is mediated by acetyltransferases that are divided into several families.Similarly,deacetylation is brought about by several different classes of protein deacetylases.The roles of lysine acetylation in the regulation of gene expression through the reversible modification of core histone tails or transcription factors were well studied.Lysine acetylation has been found to play important roles in various other cellular processes since 1996 in some independent studies.However,until the year 2009,high-throughput mass spectrometry makes it possible to study acetylation in proteomics levels.Lysine acetylation could be found in almost everywhere.Scientists found that lysine acetylation preferentially targets proteins involved in diverse cellular processes,such as chromatin remodeling,cell cycle,nuclear transport,and cellular metabolism.In this review,we will focus on the roles of lysine acetylation on cellular metabolism,and illustrate that reversible acetylation of metabolic enzymes represents a metabolic regulatory mechanism conserved from bacteria to mammals.

关 键 词：乙酰化 乙酰化酶 脱乙酰酶 新陈代谢 

分 类 号：Q55[生物学—生物化学] Q26