海上点源干扰噪声压制方法  

Point source diffracted noise attenuation in marine data processing

作　　者：李景叶[1,2] 陈小宏[1,2] 张金淼 宋家文[2] 刘志鹏 胡坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中海油研究总院,北京100027

出　　处：《石油物探》2013年第1期23-29,4-5,共7页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题(2011ZX05023-005-005);国家自然科学基金项目(41074098)联合资助

摘　　要：在海上地震资料采集过程中,海上平台、船只、崎岖海底障碍物或地形不连续等会引起能量较强的点源干扰,严重影响了地震成像的质量,是海上地震资料噪声压制处理的难点之一。在点源干扰产生机理分析和传播时距方程推导的基础上,研究了直线型和双曲型点源干扰压制方法。基于f-x域预测滤波的直线型点源干扰压制针对地震数据中的线性干扰进行分析与识别,通过拟合与相减较好地去除直线型点源干扰。双曲型点源干扰压制是根据点源干扰传播特征和相似性扫描预测干扰点源位置,以实际地震采集观测系统模拟来自预测点源的干扰波,并将模拟的点源干扰波和实际地震资料进行匹配相减处理,实现点源干扰压制。理论模型数据和实际地震资料处理试验结果表明,这两种方法能较好地压制直线型和双曲型点源干扰,并很好地保留有效反射信息及其频谱特征。During marine seismic surveys for oil and gas,offshore platforms,shipping traffics,barriers on the sea floor and discontinuous topography can cause point source diffracted noises with strong energy.The diffracted noises seriously affect the seismic imaging,which is one of the difficulties in noise suppressing for marine seismic data processing.Based on the production mechanism and time-distance equation of the diffracted noise,we studied attenuation methods for linear and hyperbolic point source diffracted noises.The linear diffracted noise attenuation is conducted by predicted filtering in f-x domain by linear noise analysis,discrimination,fitting and subtraction.The hyperbolic diffracted noise is simulated on time-distance equation and point source positions predicted by similarity scanning,and matched modeling diffracted noise from the predicted point source with field data by matching filtering.Then it is subtracted from field data.We tested the methods on model data and field data.The results show that the new methods can attenuate point source diffracted noises effectively with good amplitude preservation.

关 键 词：点源干扰 匹配滤波 噪声压制 线性干扰 双曲干扰 时距曲线 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]