基于地形梯度的土地利用格局与时空变化分析——以北京市平谷区为例  

Analysis of the Land Use Spatial Pattern and Spatio-Temporal Changes Based on Terrain Gradient:A Case Study of Pinggu District in Beijing

作　　者：郭洪峰[1] 许月卿[1] 吴艳芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,中国北京100193

出　　处：《经济地理》2013年第1期160-166,186,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171088);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2011JS162);国土资源部公益行业科研专项经费项目(201011006-3)

摘　　要：地形在一定程度上影响着土地利用变化,对土地利用空间格局的形成具有重要影响。以北京市平谷区为例,借助DEM提取高程、坡度信息,采用地形位指数、分布指数、土地利用程度综合指数系统分析平谷区1993—2008年土地利用变化的地形梯度特征,探讨地形因素对土地利用方式选择及空间格局的影响,以期为该区土地利用规划及土地资源优化布局提供决策依据。结果表明:①1993—2008年,平谷区耕地面积大幅度减少,园地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地大幅度增加;②坡度、高程及地形位对平谷区土地利用格局及其时空变化有着重要影响。③耕地、园地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、水域分布的优势区间集中于低地形位区间,草地分布的优势区间集中于中地形位区间,林地、未利用地分布的优势区间集中于中高地形位区间,土地利用程度综合指数随着地形位的增加而不断下降。Topography is an important factor that affects land use change, it also has a great impact on land use spatial pattern. Taking Pinggu District for example, based on DEM images, combined with terrain niche index, distribution index and land use degree composite index, this paper analyzed the land use change of Pinggu District from 1993 to 2008. In order to provide some advices on land use planning and land use management, the paper quantitatively analyzed the land use degree on terrain gradient and, explored the impact of topography on the selection of land use pattern. The result indicates that： （1） From 1993 to 2008, the area of arable land has been decreased, while the area of orchard, residential land and transportation land has been increased; （2） Arable land, residential land, transportation land and water area were mainly located at the area with the slope of 0 to 2 degrees as well as the altitude of less than 200 meters, the changed area of these types of land have been mainly taken place in this range too; （3） Arable land, orchard land, residential land, transportation land and water area were mainly distributed in the area with low terrain niche index, the grassland were mainly distributed in the area with medium terrain niche index, while woodland and unused land in high terrain niche index area. The land use degree composite index has been decreased as the increase of the grade of terrain niche.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 地形位 分布指数 土地利用程度综合指数 北京市平谷区 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]