区域生态合作机制下的可持续农户生计研究——以“稻改旱”项目为例  

Regional cooperation mechanism and sustainable livelihoods: a case study on paddy land conversion program (PLCP)

作　　者：梁义成[1] 刘纲[2] 马东春[3] 王凤春[3] 郑华[2] 

机构地区：[1]美国斯坦福大学生物系保护生物学中心和自然资本项目,斯坦福ca94305 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]北京市水利科学研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第3期693-701,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：城市与区域生态国家重点实验室科研专项(SKLURE2008-1-02);摩尔基金;洛克菲勒基金

摘　　要：世界各国在协调生态保护和经济发展的过程中,常常面临着制度和管理问题,区域合作机制为解决这些难题提供了长效思路。京冀两地的"稻改旱"项目是区域合作机制下的一项有益尝试,农户生计的提升则是此项目成功的关键。基于可持续生计分析框架,对密云水库上游的农户生计进行了详细调查,对参加"稻改旱"项目的农户和未参加该项目的农户生计进行了比较分析。结果表明,"稻改旱"项目显著改变了当地农户的生计资本、生计行为和生计后果。参加"稻改旱"项目的农户拥有较多的生产性物质资本和社会资本,减少了种植业和养殖业种类,减少了碳酸氢铵使用量;增加了工资性劳动供给,"稻改旱"项目对农户的总体收入水平有着显著的正向作用。调查显示,农户普遍支持"稻改旱"项目和区域合作的长期继续进行。研究也为提升区域合作和构建可持续生计提出了建议。Regional cooperation for ecological conservation and economic development provides an innovative mechanism to solve operational problems related to institution and governance. Improving local households＇ livelihoods is the key to achieving conservation and development goals. Beijing and Hebei province have been working together on a range of developing and conservation issues, including agriculture, tourism, employment, public services and upgrading industries. A very important purpose of the cooperation now is how to protect and utilize water resource better for these regions. Beijing is facing the serious problem of water shortage, and more than 50% of water consumption in Beijing is provided by Miyun Reservoir. The upstream watershed of Miyun Reservoir is mainly located in Hebei Province. We adopt Sustainable Livelihood Approach （SLA） to a case study on the Paddy Land Conversion Program （PLCP） , a pilot regional cooperation policy between Beijing and Hebei Province. More-developed Beijing provides funding and other resources to support less- developed Hebei in securing ecosystem and developing economy. Households living upstream in Hebei province are encouraged to converse paddy lands into dry lands to save water with payments from Beijing. Beijing government paidaverage 450 Yuan/666.7m2 to upstream households, and the payment criteria will be adjusted to market changes and land use. At the same time, local communities in the program areas are supported with water conservation infrastructure investment, regional industries improvement, as well as agricultural marketing development in Beijing and other well- developed regions. As a result, participating households＇ livelihoods plays a crucial role in the achievement of PLCP and regional cooperation mechanism. Using recent survey data from Beijing and Hebei, we show that PLCP has significantly changed households＇ assets, activities and livelihood outcomes. Participants have more productive physical capital and social capital than non- participants

关 键 词：农村生计 生态补偿 可持续发展 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] F205F224