温度与土壤水分对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响  

Effects of Temperatures and Soil Moisture Content on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Maize

作　　者：徐文强[1] 杨祁峰[2] 牛俊义[1] 熊春蓉 张永祥 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农牧厅,兰州730030 [3]甘肃农业技术推广总站,兰州730020

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第1期69-74,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专利计划(1002NKA003)

摘　　要：以沈单16、豫玉22为试验材料,研究不同温度、土壤水分对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响。结果表明,随温度与土壤水分的下降种子发芽势、发芽率均呈降低趋势。温度与土壤水分对幼苗生长各指标的影响不同,玉米芽鞘长、幼苗长、贮藏物质转运率和叶绿素含量均随温度与土壤含水量的降低而减小;过氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。在环境温度低于15℃恒温条件下,玉米种子发芽率迅速降低,土壤含水量低于10%时种子不能正常萌发;在15℃及以下低温,土壤含水量低于10%时玉米幼苗生长受到抑制。持续性低温、干旱胁迫不利于玉米种子的正常萌发与幼苗的生长。The effect of different temperatures and soil moisture content on germination and seedling growth characteristics of maize were studied, which were Shendanl6 and Yuyu22. The result showed that with the tempera- ture and soil water content decreased the seed germination potential, germination rate decreases. Temperature and soil moisture had different influence on seedling growth index, with the decrease of temperature and soil water content, in- cluding maize coleoptiles＇ length, seedling length, storage material transport rate and chlorophyll content were all de- creased, while the activity of peroxidase and proline content were increased first and then decreased. In the environ- mental temperature below 15℃ under the constant temperature of condition, the maize seed germination rate rapidly reduced. When soil moisture content was lower than 10%, seed germination would be constrained; When the tempera- ture below 15 ℃ and soil water content below 10%, the seedling growth was restricted. Under drought persistent stress condition, it is not conducive to maize seed germination and seedling the low temperature and growth.

关 键 词：玉米 种子萌发 幼苗 生长特性 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]