不同深松方式与氮肥运筹对玉米生长发育及光合特性的影响  

Effect of Different Deep Loosening Modes and Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply Way on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Maize

作　　者：李雪霏[1] 刘明[1] 张卫建[2] 齐华[1] 张振平[3] 宋振伟[2] 于吉琳[1] 吴亚男[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院作物研究所,北京100081 [3]沈阳市农业科学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第1期120-124,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B14;2012BAD04B03);国家重点基础研究发展"973"计划(2009CB118601);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(现代农作制模式构建与配套技术研究与示范)

摘　　要：选用郑单958为材料,研究不同深松方式和氮肥运筹对玉米生长发育及光合特性的影响。结果表明,深松后玉米生育后期维持较高叶面积指数(LAI)时间较长,延缓了叶片衰老,促进了干物质积累,不同深松处理间差异不明显;增加氮肥施用次数LAI下降减缓,干物质积累量的峰值减小;隔行深松与行行深松均提高玉米叶片的最大净光合速率,较不深松分别提高9.93%和2.12%。在施氮次数处理中,1/3氮肥于苗期作种肥、2/3于拔节期作追肥施入处理净光合速率最大;深松处理间产量差异不显著,增加氮肥施用次数增产效果十分显著;深松方式与等量氮肥施用次数间存在显著交互效应,隔行深松且施氮以种肥、拔节肥、灌浆肥各占总量1/3的处理产量最高,分别较不深松且氮肥作种肥一次施用和作种肥与拔节肥两次施用增产43.91%、17.37%。The effect of nitrogen fertilizer supply way on growth and photosynthetic characteristics in maize Zheng- dan958 with different deep loosening modes were studied. The results showed that the leaf area index（LAI） was in- creased in different extent with deep loosening at the late maize growth stage. So it can efficiently slow the maturity of leaves and increase the accumulation of dry matters. But there were no obvious differences in different treatments. LAI dropping slowly and the peak of the dry matter accumulation were reduced with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer appli- cation times. Maximum net photosynthetic rate of maize leaves was higher than no-deep loosening by interleave row deep loosening and each row deep loosening, increased by 9.93% and 2.12% respectively. It was highest at one third ni- trogen as seed manure in the seedling stage and two thirds nitrogen topdressing in the jointing stage in different nitrogen fertilizer application times treatments. Deep loosening can enhanced the yield to some extent, but there were no notable differences in different treatments. The maize yield was increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application times. There was significant interaction between deep loosening mode and equal doses of nitrogen fertilizer application times. The yield of maize was highest at interleave row deep loosening and each time the nitrogen fertilizer application are accounted for one third of total in the seedling, jointing and filling stages. It was increased by 43.91%, compared with nitrogen fertilizer applied only in the seedling stage by no-deep loosening. And it was increased by 17.37%, compared with nitrogen fertilizer applied in both seedling and jointing stages by no-deep loosening.

关 键 词：玉米 深松方式 氮肥运筹 光合特性 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]