宪法修改的限制理论与模式选择——以中国近六十年宪法变迁为语境的检讨  

The Limits of Constitutional Amendments and the Challenges of Constitutional Amending Models——A Legal Appraisal in the Context of China's Constitutional Development in the Past Sixty Years

作　　者：秦前红[1] 涂云新[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第6期31-45,共15页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：在中国宪法的实施过程中,理论界一直存在着不同修宪模式的竞争性主张,其中,渐进式修宪模式与一次修宪模式之间的观点争锋尤为激烈。渐进式修宪模式的理论基础是宪法修改的有限度理论;一次修宪模式的理论基础为宪法修改无限制论。中国近六十年来的宪法变迁实践显示,宪法修改的许多原则性或者根本性问题仍然无法在当今中国形成共识,宪法修改仍然必须面对民主转型过程中的价值多元与价值重构。宪法修改的核心功能已经从传统的"限制政府权力"范式转移为国家价值多元化时代的"社会共识的整合"范式。为此,采用折中的以宪法修改限制理论为理论基础的阶段式修宪模式将有可能成为未来中国修宪模式的一种最佳选择。In the course of China＇s constitutional practice,there have been competing claims on the models of constitutional amendments.Among those,the debate between incrementalistic amendment model and revolutionalistic amendment model is the hottest one.It is pointed out in this article that the choices of constitutional amendment models and the limits of amending power are closely interrelated;the incrementalistic amendment model is based on the so-called limitation doctrine,while the revolutionalistic amendment model is based on the so-called non-limitation doctrine.This article specifically addresses the issues regarding the challenges of China＇s constitutional amendments in the context of sixty-year practice.Though it is quite difficult for China to form a kind of consensus concerning the basic principles or the fundamental issues of constitutional amendments,amendments can hardly avoid the value pluralism and cultural pluralism in the future democratic transition.For the core function of constitutional amendments,the traditional paradigm centered on ＂limiting governmental powers＂ has been replaced by that of ＂integration of social consensus＂ in this great time of transition.Finally,this article draws the conclusion that the possible best choice of constitutional amendment model for China would be the progressive model which is constructed on a revised limitation doctrine.

关 键 词：宪法修改 修宪模式 宪法变迁 修宪权 制宪权 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]