基于视觉线索遮蔽条件下的网球专家空间知觉预判:来自眼动与ERP的证据  

Tennis Experts' Anticipation of Spatial Perception Based on Visual Occluded—Evidences from Eye-movements and ERPs

作　　者：王小春[1] 周成林[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2013年第2期38-46,共9页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31171004);上海高校一流学科资助(心理学)

摘　　要：为了寻找高水平网球运动员预判优势特征的行为和生理证据,通过两种空间遮蔽方式,采用眼动和事件相关电位技术,考察网球专家选手行为判断所对应的视觉搜索和ERP特征。行为数据结果发现,网球专家预判速度较快,且准确性明显高于经验组和新手组,同时发现经验组被试的行为结果明显好于新手组被试。眼动结果发现,网球专家注视点精准且稳定,他们在视觉定位的时候更倾向于整体的信息,平均注视点数明显少于其他被试。ERP数据结果显示,网球专家诱发的P2波幅显著大于其他被试,且在遮盖式遮蔽条件更大;专家被试大脑顶枕区域(posterior)诱发的晚期正成分(LPC)平均波幅显著大于经验被试,新手被试的LPC诱发不明显;LPC波幅大小还受到不同空间遮蔽方式的影响,在背景式遮蔽条件下,网球专家与经验被试所诱发的LPC波幅最小。眼动和ERP数据结果证实了网球专家具备网球专项情境的空间记忆,其空间知觉预判是一个自上而下的加工过程,大脑皮层的顶叶和枕叶区域在网球运动员的空间知觉判断中发挥着重要的功能。Many studies have shown that there have some differences between expert and novice in sport, one of the critical factors is the ability of spatial perception. Someone proposed that the advantages of spatial perception depended on their strategies of the visual search, which de- rived from the task structure that was stored in long-term memory system. So, the recall fea- tures and spatial perception memory model of tennis experts in the professional situation is the question we want to explore. Experiments based on two spatial occluded-mask occlude and background occluded, asked three groups tennis players to judge the direction of serve from the video, and we recorded the eye movement and ERP data at the same time. Behavior results shown that the degree of interference on the accuracy rate was significantly less in the mask occluded （MO）conditions than in the background occluded （130）, and in the MO, the per- formance of the expert group was significantly better than the other groups~ Eye movement re- suits has shown that, the main areas of visual interest and search order of tennis experts are relatively stable, not changed with the occluded methods ; ERP data has shown that, there was observed obvious P2 component in the parietal and occipital area on the experts group, and the amplitude was larger in the MO than in the BO^Experts induced significant LPC in the parie- tal-occipital area in the MO conditions, and the amplitude was maximum. Our results proved that, tennis experts have special visual-spatial memory characteristics because years of profes- sional training, they anticipate according to the past experience memory;The recall of spatial details was a top-down process, spatial vision controlled by the top-down attention processing, and were affected by the professional levels;In the context of the tennis, the integrity of space information plays a critical role in the cognitive matching and retrieval of memories; Parietal and occipital lobes of the cerebral were very important in the process of

关 键 词：网球 专家 空间线索遮蔽 知觉预判 眼动 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]