两宋之际的学派消长与学术变局  

The Wax and Wane of Schools of Learning and Academic Transitions from Late Northern Song to Early Southern Song China

作　　者：方笑一[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学古籍研究所,上海200241

出　　处：《学术月刊》2013年第2期147-154,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"宋代经学与散文关系研究"(09YJC751029)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：两宋之际,也就是自哲宗朝后期至高宗朝这一时期,随着政局的不断变化,各学派势力也此消彼长。宋徽宗崇宁年间,新学影响力臻于巅峰,但其地位上升得力于宋哲宗亲政后一系列举措的惯性驱动。而宋徽宗令道教进入官学之后,客观上削弱了新学的地位。靖康年间由杨时挑起的学术争端,首次将新学与北宋亡国相联系,摇撼了新学的道德根基。当时士大夫的意见分为两派:一派极力反对杨时的说法,力主王氏之学,也不截然排斥元祐之学;另一派则认同杨时,痛斥王氏学,推崇元祐之学。这一争论与外敌入侵的大趋势有关,更是对崇宁以来学术禁锢的一次强烈反弹。南宋初高宗选择"元祐之学"作为国家意识形态,士大夫对新学学理的批判深入展开。但由于秦桧偏向新学,高宗不得不作出某种妥协。由此理学的复兴也经历了曲折的过程。From late Northern Song to early Southern Song, there was a wax and wane of schools of learning with the changes of political situation. Although the school of New Learning culminated under the regime of Emperor Huizong, it was actually weakened after the Daoism classics had been allowed to enter the official education and examination system. In Qinzong＇s period, a serious conflict triggered by Yang Shi＇s criticism on New Learning divided the literati into two groups based on their opposite attitudes towards New Learning and Yuanyou＇s Learning. Emperor Gaozong had to choose Yuanyou＇ s Learning as the country＇s official ideology though he sometimes made compromises because of Oin Hui＇s approval for New Learning.

关 键 词：两宋之际 学派 学术 变局 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]