草原与荒漠一年生植物性状对降水变化的响应  

The responses of annual plant traits to rainfall variation in steppe and desert regions

作　　者：闫建成[1,2] 梁存柱[1,3] 付晓玥[1,3] 王炜[1] 王立新[3,4] 贾成朕[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]煤炭科学研究总院唐山研究院,河北唐山063012 [3]中美生态能源及可持续性科学内蒙古研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [4]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第1期68-76,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30660119);国家基础科学人才培养基金资助项目(J0730648)资助

摘　　要：草原与荒漠生态系统中一年生植物是高度顺应气候波动、特别是降水波动的特殊类群。本试验以内蒙古草原与荒漠区4种一年生植物为研究对象,通过室内模拟5,20,70和150mm 4个有效降水梯度,分析了4种一年生植物物候及其形态等性状对降水变化的响应。结果表明,草原与荒漠一年生植物类群生长期通常在40～90(<100)d;随降水梯度的增加,一年生植物的生长期、植物高度、叶长、生物量等均增加,5mm有效降水能基本完成生活史,70mm有效降水资源分配达到最佳化,结实量最大;一年生猪毛菜类在不同降水条件下的物候期长短的变化比一年生小禾草类小,倾向于以调整生殖生长期的长短的方式,减少结实量为代价加速种子成熟的方式响应降水量不足;一年生小禾草类能根据降水量变化及时调整各物候期长短以适应生长和繁殖;相同降水条件下小禾草类植物的生长期相对较长;在适应方式上,猪毛菜类植物表现出更强的避旱能力,而小禾草类植物则表现出相对更强的耐旱能力。The responses of phenophase and morphological traits of four kinds of annual species in steppe and desert regions in Inner Mongolia to rainfall variation were analyzed by an experiment in which four precipitation gradients（5,20,70 and 150 mm） were used to simulate effective rainfall in steppe and desert regions.The growing season of annual plant groups in these regions is usually 40 to 90（〈100） days.The growing season,plant height,leaf length,and biomass of annual plants increased with an increase of rainfall.The life history of annual plants can basically be completed with 5 mm effective rainfall,but their growth and propagation are best in 70 mm effective rainfall.The change of phenophase in Salsola collina was smaller than that of other annual short grasses,and was done by adjusting the length of the reproductive stage and reducing fruit bearing as a response to lack of rainfall.Annual short grass can adjust the length of every phenophase to adapt its growth and reproduction to rainfall variation.In the same conditions of rainfall,the growing time of annual short grass is relatively longer than that of S.collina but the latter showed stronger drought-avoidance ability,while annual short grass has stronger drought-resistance ability in its adaption strategies.

关 键 词：一年生植物 植物性状 模拟降水 物候 适应策略 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]