水生植物的氮磷吸收能力及收割管理研究  

Absorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of aquatic plants and harvest management research

作　　者：余红兵[1,2] 杨知建[2] 肖润林[3] 张树楠[3] 刘锋[3] 向佐湘[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院建筑与城市规划院,湖南益阳413000 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第1期294-299,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-T07);外国专家局项目(20100491005-8);益阳市科技计划项目(2012JZ52)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨水生植物收割对沟渠湿地氮、磷去除的影响。在生态沟渠中选用水生美人蕉、铜钱草、黑三棱、狐尾藻和灯心草为试验材料,对其氮、磷吸收能力以及收割和不收割进行研究。结果表明,5种植物氮、磷吸收量的季节变化均呈单峰曲线,水生美人蕉值最高,其氮、磷吸收量峰值分别为75.97和13.52g/m2;多次收割收获的生物量、总氮、总磷量均是单次收割的几倍,其变化范围为3.62～6.72倍;除黑三棱外,收割措施能够提高湿地底泥氮、磷的去除率。各植物收割区的底泥氮、磷削减率一般在1月份时达到最大值,5种植物的平均总氮、总磷削减率均依次为:水生美人蕉>狐尾藻>铜钱草>灯心草>黑三棱。因此,合适的收割措施既能转移出植物中的营养物质,又能利于植物的恢复和生长,提高底泥氮、磷的去除率。In order to investigate the fact how harvesting aquatic plants affects the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.Canna glauca,Hydrocotyle vulgaris,Sparganium stoloniferum,Myriophyllum verticillatum and Juncus effusus were selected for the study in ecological ditch,absorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus were tested and each plant was divided into harvested and non-harvested plots.The results showed that,seasonal dynamics of the uptake of total nitrogen and phosphorus by aquatic plants changed in a single-peak curve,C.glauca is highest,the absorption capacity peak value of nitrogen and phosphorus were 75.97 and 13.52 g/m2,respectively;Removing biomass,total nitrogen and phosphorus of aquatic plants through repeated cutting were several times single cutting,the changes in the range of 3.62-6.72 times.In addition to S.stoloniferum,the harvest can improve the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment of other aquatic plants.Compared with the non-harvested plot,the harvest can improve the removal rate of sediment total nitrogen and phosphorus in the following order： C.glauca〉M.verticillatum〉H.vulgaris.J.effusus〉S.stoloniferum.Therefore,appropriate harvest measures can not only transfer nutrients of plants,but also conducive to the recovery and growth of plants and improve the removal rate of sediment total nitrogen and phosphorus.

关 键 词：生态沟渠 水生植物 收割 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S682.32[农业科学—观赏园艺]