栽培技术对水稻单位面积产量的权重研究  

Research on the Weight of Cultivation Techniques to Rice Yield Per Unit Area

作　　者：梁成刚[1] 汪燕[1] 何加林[1] 刘佳[1] 许光利[1] 刘晓亮[1] 李天[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第6期142-147,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省科技厅资助项目"技术措施在单产中的权重研究"(2009ZR0109);四川农业大学大学生科研兴趣培养计划项目"技术措施在单产中的权重研究"

摘　　要：为了深入挖掘影响水稻产量提高的栽培技术,明确水稻产量提高的限制性因素,对四川省1981—2010年水稻单位面积产量与2001—2010年新审定通过的水稻品种的产量相关数据进行统计分析,探讨栽培技术在水稻单位面积产量中的权重。结果表明,2001—2010年四川省杂交水稻育种的整体水平已上了一个新台阶,但水稻单位面积产量连续10年徘徊不前。说明现阶段单靠品种更新已不能实现水稻单产的显著提高,推测良种良法配套以及高产栽培技术体系的研究与推广可能是限制水稻单位面积产量提高的主要因素。利用层次分析法对各项栽培技术在水稻单位面积产量中的权重进行了评估,结果表明,施肥技术>良种选择>灌溉方式>栽插密度>病虫害防治>化控措施>育秧方式,施肥技术、育秧方式与化控措施的指标中各指标对水稻单产的权重差异较小,说明在水稻生产上对于这些技术的使用还可能存在一定的盲目性,未来应加强这些技术的研究与推广。In order to excavate the influence of cultivation techniques on improving rice yield,and find out the limiting factors of improving rice yield,the author discussed the weight of cultivation techniques to rice yield per unit area.The related data of the yield per unit area of rice from 1981 to 2010 and the new rice varieties authorized by Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed.The results indicated that,the overall level of hybrid rice breeding in Sichuan Province was raised to a new stage from 2001 to 2010,however,the yield per unit area of rice was stagnated in 10 years.It Suggested that,the update of varieties could not break through the yield per unit area recently,the complete set of improved breed and cultivation,as well as the research and utilization of high-yield farming system might be the key factor to restrict the yield per unit area of rice.The weight of cultivation techniques was estimated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process,and the result indicated that,fertilization technique seed selection irrigation method planting density pest and disease control chemical control measures seedling-raising method,while there was no significant difference between the basic index layer of fertilization technique,chemical control measures and seedling-raising method,which suggested that the blindness of the utilization of these techniques might still exist in rice production,the research and extension of these techniques in rice cultivation should be strengthened in future.

关 键 词：水稻 单位面积产量 栽培技术 权重 层次分析法 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]