甲壳素及壳聚糖在农业领域方面的应用  

The Application of Chitin and Chitosan in Agriculture

作　　者：蒋小姝[1,2,3] 莫海涛[1,4] 苏海佳[2] 张小勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所/生化工程国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]北京化工大学/北京市生物加工过程重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京化工大学研究生院,北京100029 [4]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第6期170-174,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：甲壳素来源广泛,资源丰富,是仅次于纤维素的第二大高分子化合物。为此简述了甲壳素的衍生物壳聚糖的生物相容性、生物官能团性、安全无毒性和广谱抗菌特性等多种功能,回顾了其在农业上的广泛应用,可被用作土壤改良剂、植物病害抑制剂、种衣剂、饲料添加剂、植物生长调节剂、抗寒剂以及农药载体,而且已经在农作物和畜牧水产养殖等方面得到了验证。主要分析介绍甲壳素及壳聚糖在农业方面的各种作用的作用机理以及前人已经取得的主要研究成果,重点总结甲壳素及壳聚糖作为种衣剂在农业上的应用以及其作用机理,指出壳聚糖对不同作物种子进行包衣或浸种处理能不同程度的影响作物的生长发育,分析表明甲壳素及壳聚糖处理对作物的种子萌发和幼苗生长具有十分重要的作用,可以广泛的应用于作物生产中,具有显著的经济效益和研究价值。Chitin widely existed in world and rich in resource,and it is the second largest high molecular compound after cellulose.Chitosan with biocompatibility,bio-functional groups,and safety and non-toxic was reviewed.The paper was gaining more attention in the agriculture.It could be used as soil improvement agent,plant disease inhibitors,seed-coating agent,feed additive,plant growth regulators,cold-resistance agent as well as pesticide carrier and had already been verified in crops,fruits and animal husbandry and aquaculture.The mechanism of action of chitin and chitosan in the various roles of agriculture was researched as well as the main research achievements of predecessors,especially the treatment of chitin and chitosan as seed coating,to coat the seeds or seed soaking effects on crop growth and development as well as its main application mechanism.It concluded that seed-coating or soaking treatment of different crops by chitosan could influence the growth of crops,and analysis showed that chitin and chitosan ＇ s treatment played a very important role on seeds germination and seeding growth,and it could be widely used in the production of crops,and it also had a remarkable economic benefit and research value.

关 键 词：甲壳素 壳聚糖 应用机理 抗病诱导 种衣剂 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]