黑李园桃小食心虫的发生情况及其田间防治药剂筛选  

Occurrence of Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae) in Black Plum Orchards and Its Pesticide Screening in Fields

作　　者：黄鹏[1] 余德亿[1] 姚锦爱[1] 陈兰进 方大琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省老区隆丰农业开发有限公司,福建福安355001

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2013年第1期45-50,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(No.2012GA720002);福建省农科教结合项目(No.2011);福建省科技计划重点项目(No.2009S0128);福建省农科院科研项目(No.B2008-9)

摘　　要：为了解桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)在新寄主植物黑李上的发生情况,以闽东黑李种植示范基地核心区为观测和试验点,调查该虫的为害过程及发生规律,评价4种地面喷施药剂及4种果面喷施药剂的田间药效,筛选最佳防控药剂。结果表明:桃小食心虫只为害果实,4月下旬,成虫将卵散产于多地,初孵幼虫当天入蛀果内,果内虫道弯曲且充满虫粪,到6月上旬,老熟幼虫外啃脱果孔,入土结茧。诱捕成虫数量和果实表面着卵量随时间均呈"M"型变动,都可划分为初始上升期、相对平稳期和持续回落期,但它们起始、第1峰值、第2峰值及终结的时间节点不同,成虫羽化历期约33 d,成虫产卵果实表面历期约28 d。4种地面喷施药剂对老熟幼虫破冬茧出土的高抑制作用很难持续,48%毒死蜱乳油或52.25%氯氰.毒死蜱乳油前期抑制效果较好,1%甲氨基阿维菌素乳油的相对持效抑制作用较好。4种果面喷施药剂,如药前卵果或虫果基数较低,应使用持效性较好的1%甲氨基阿维菌素乳油,如药前卵果或虫果基数较高,就应使用35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂。In order to understand the occurrence status of Carposina sasakii Matsumura on the new host plants of black plum, the author took the core area of demonstration bases in East Fujian province as a observation and experiment point, surveyed damage process and occurrence regularity, evaluated the field efficacy of four ground pesticides and four fruit surface pesticides, screened the best pesticide for prevention and control. The results showed that Carposina sasakii only damaged the fruit. In late April, the adult oviposit in the unfixed places of black plum tree, and the newly hatched larvae bored into the fruit in same day. Then the boring trunk was crooked and full of frass. In earlier June, the mature larvae nibble another hole to get out and drilled into the soil to cocooning. Both the quantity fluctuation tendency of adults and eggs on the fruit surface were ＂M＂ type, including initial rising period, relative steady period and continuous falling period, but their time node of beginning, first peak value, second peak value and ending were all different. The eclosion period of adults passed about thirty, days, and the ovipositing period on the fruit surface passed about twenty eight days. It was hard for the four ground pesticides to continuously keep a high inhibition to against mature larvae from overwintering cocoon. 48% Chlorpyrifos EC and 52.25% Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin EC had the best effects in early days, but 1% Emamectin benzoate EC could last longer. If the amount of the damaged fruits was not very high, it was better to choose 1% Emamectin benzoate EC. If the number was high, it was better to choose 35% Chlorantraniliprole WG.

关 键 词：桃小食心虫 黑李 发生为害 防治药剂 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S482.3[农业科学—植物保护]