城市雨水径流水质演变过程监测与分析  

Monitoring and Analysis on Evolution Process of Rainfall Runoff Water Quality in Urban Area

作　　者：董雯[1,2] 李怀恩[1] 李家科[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048 [2]陕西省环境科学研究院,西安710061

出　　处：《环境科学》2013年第2期561-569,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07212-002-005-002);国家自然科学基金项目(50979090;50909080);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2009JQ7008)

摘　　要：为了探讨降雨从落地前至居住小区出口径流的水质演变规律和污染特性,于2011年7～10月进行了6场雨水径流水质演变过程的监测与分析,同时,初步对比了草带对屋面径流的净化效果.结果表明:①城市降雨从"落地前雨水-屋面径流-路面径流-小区出口径流",水质变化规律明显,落地前雨水水质最好,屋面径流和小区出口径流水质较差,路面径流水质最差;②雨水水质从落地前到小区出口的演变过程中,除可溶性TP平均浓度未超出地表水环境质量Ⅳ类标准外,COD、NH4+-N、TN平均浓度均超出地表水环境质量Ⅴ类标准;③前期晴天时间短的降雨径流污染物平均浓度明显低于前期晴天时间长的降雨,并且同一场降雨过程,降雨结束时径流水质明显好于初期;④草带对降雨径流中污染物的浓度削减作用明显,约1.0 m宽的草带对屋面径流污染物COD和氮的削减率基本都在30%左右.In order to find the water quality evolution law and pollution characteristics of the rainfall runoff from undisturbed to the neighborhood exit,6 times evolution process of rainfall runoff water quality were monitored and analyzed from July to October in 2011,and contrasted the clarification efficiency of the grassland to the roof runoff rudimentarily at the same time.The research showed： ①the results of the comparison from ＂undisturbed,rainfall-roof,rainfall runoff-road,rainfall-runoff the neighborhood exit runoff ＂ showed that the water quality of the undisturbed rain was better than that from the roof and the neighborhood exist,but the road rainfall runoff water quality was the worst;②the average concentrations of the parameters such as COD,ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen all exceeded the Fifth Class of the Surface Water Quality Standard except for the soluble total phosphorus from undisturbed rainfall to the neighborhood exit;③the runoff water quality of the short early fine days was better than that of long early fine days,and the last runoff water quality was better than that of the initial runoff in the same rainfall process;④the concentration reduction of the grassland was notable,and the reduction rate of the grassland which is 1.0 meter wide of the roof runoff pollutants such as COD and nitrogen reached 30%.

关 键 词：降雨径流 监测 水质演变 特性分析 城市 非点源污染 

分 类 号：X830.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]