黑龙江中游底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价  

Macrozoobenthos community structure and water quality bioassessment in the mid-reaches of the Heilongjiang River

作　　者：霍堂斌[1,2] 李喆[1] 姜作发[1] 马波[1] 于洪贤 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,农业部黑龙江流域渔业资源与环境重点野外科学观测试验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2013年第1期177-188,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(200903048-06);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(201011);中国水产科学研究院冷水性鱼类增养殖生物学与鱼类生理学重点开放实验室项目(201006)

摘　　要：2010—2011年对黑龙江中游底栖动物群落结构进行调查研究,共采集到底栖动物16目49科117种,其中水生昆虫种类最多,为79种,分属7目34科,占总数67.52%。黑龙江中游底栖动物平均密度为58.37 ind/m2,生物量为34.62 g/m2。2010年平均密度以春季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低,平均生物量以秋季最高,夏季次之,春季最低。2011年秋季平均密度和平均生物量均高于夏季。黑龙江短沟蜷(Semisulcospira amurensis)、东北田螺(Viviparuschui)、圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)、截口土蜗(Galba truncatula)和生米蜉(Ephemera shengmi)是现阶段黑龙江中游底栖动物的优势种。聚类分析将7个调查断面分为3组,多维标度分析结果支持了聚类分析结果。多样性分析结果表明,Shannon-Weiner指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数均以2010年春季最高,2010年秋季最低。功能摄食类群以刮食者占优,共计为41种。采用BI生物指数和FBI生物指数对黑龙江中游水质的评价结果基本一致,黑龙江中游水质处于清洁轻度污染等级。We evaluated the community structure of macrozoobenthos in the mid-reaches of the Heilongjiang River between 2010 and 2011.A total of 117 species of macrozoobenthos were collected,belonging to 16 orders and 49 families.Aquatic insects exhibited the highest species diversity,with 79 species（67.52% of the total） belonging to 34 families and 7 orders.The annual average density and biomass of macrozoobenthos was 58.37 ind/m2 and 34.62 g/m2,respectively.The average density was highest in spring,followed by autumn and summer,whereas the average biomass was highest in autumn and lowest in spring.Semisulcospira amurensis,Viviparus chui,Unio douglasiae, Galba truncatula and Ephemera shengmi were the dominant species in the mid-reaches of the Heilongjiang River.Cluster analysis classified the 7 sampling sites into three groups with different macrozoobenthic communities. The results of our MDA analysis was consistent with those of the cluster analysis.The Shannon-Weiner index, Pielou index,and Simpson index were highest in the spring of 2010 and lowest in the autumn of 2010.The collectors were the most abundant functional feeding group（41 species）.We assessed water quality using the biotic index（BI） and family biotic index（FBI）,both of which yielded similar outcomes.The water quality in the midreaches of the Heilongjiang River was generally good.

关 键 词：黑龙江中游 底栖动物 群落结构 水质 生物学评价 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学] S963[生物学—普通生物学]