秸秆覆盖和留茬的田间水土保持效应  

Effects of Straw Mulching and Stubble on Soil and Water Conservation with Corns Planted

作　　者：王安[1] 郝明德[1,2] 臧逸飞[1] 鲍艳杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第1期47-51,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重大项目"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD31B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划"主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究"(2009CB118604);农技推广与体系建设专项经费项目

摘　　要：通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究秸秆覆盖和留茬在玉米生育期的水土保持效应。结果表明:覆盖和留茬在玉米不同生育期均可有效减少土壤侵蚀,覆盖的效果更为明显,其产沙量最大可减少75%,留茬的产沙量最大可减少29%。相同秸秆用量下实行覆盖的水土保持效应较留茬明显。覆盖结合留茬减弱土壤侵蚀的效果明显,在玉米各生育期的产沙量均有大幅减少,低覆盖高留茬减幅最大为85%,高覆盖低留茬减幅最大为78%;在抽穗期对径流强度也有削弱,低覆盖高留茬的径流量减少23%,高覆盖低留茬减少15%,相同秸秆用量下低覆盖高留茬对水土流失的抑制较高覆盖低留茬明显。Experiments under simulation rainfall were conducted to study effects of straw mulch and stubble on soil and water conservation at different growth stages of corn. Results showed that both straw mulch which had much more obvious effects, and stubble would efficiently delay the runoff initiating time and reduce the amount of soil erosion. The effect of straw mulch was most distinct at the jointing stage with the runoff initiating time delayed by 96% compared with CK, the amount of soil erosion reduced by 75%, at the seeding stage and the amount of cumulative runoff was reduced by 15% at the heading stage at the same time. These measures of straw mulch combining with stubble also delayed the runoff initiating time and reduced the amount of soil erosion efficiently at the different growth stages of corn, especially at the jointing stage. The runoff initiating time was delayed by 1. 36 times under low straw mulch combining with high stubble, and by 52% under high straw mulch combining with low stubble, meanwhile, the amount of soil erosion was reduced by 85% and 78%, respectively compared with CK at the jointing stage of corn. And at the heading stage, the cumulative amount of runoff was reduced by 23% and 15%, respectively under low straw mulch combining with high stubble and high straw mulch combining with low stubble, both of which demonstrated distinct effects on soil and water conservation, especially low straw mulch combining with high stubble.

关 键 词：人工降雨 水土保持 覆盖 留茬 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]