三江平原北部近55年来土地垦殖的时空格局研究  

Study on the Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Farmland in the Northern Sanjiang Plain in Recent 55 Years

作　　者：杜国明[1] 杜蕾[1] 杨厚翔[1] 薛剑[2] 周圆[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]国土资源部土地整治中心,北京100035

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第1期156-159,307,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙江省普通高等学校青年学术骨干支持计划项目(1252G012);国家自然科学基金项目(40930740)

摘　　要：以1954年1∶10万地形图、1976年MSS影像、1996年TM影像、2009年CBERS影像和行政区划图为主要数据源,采用GIS空间分析方法和数理统计方法分析了三江平原北部地区耕地时空变化特征,旨在总结"北大荒"开发的历史特征,为该区域商品粮基地建设提供依据。结果表明:近55a来三江平原北部耕地呈现出持续、快速增加趋势,各县市表现为"阶梯型"或"骤增型"两种增长类型,目前垦殖率均处于相对较高的水平;沼泽地、草地、林地为耕地增加的主要来源,耕地流失的主要原因包括弃耕、生态退耕及建设占用;三江平原北部各县市在土地垦殖的规模、来源、流失等方面具有明显的节律性和区域差异性,土地垦殖在空间上呈现由西向东、由远水向近水(河流)、由平地向丘陵推进的趋势,并驱使耕地重心从西南向东北方向迁移。1 ： 100 000 topographic maps of 1954, MSS images of 1976, TM images of 1996, CBERS images of 2009 and administrative maps were taken as the main data source, GIS spatial analysis method and mathematical statistical method were used to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land in the northern Sanjiang Plain in order to summarize the historical characteristics of the ＇Great Northern Wilderness＇ development. The results showed that cultivated land demonstrated a sustained and rapid upward trend in north of the Sanjiang Plain in recent 55 years, when these counties showing a ＇ladder type＇ or ＇surge type＇ growth. Now the reclamation rate has been at a relatively high level in all counties. Marsh, grassland, woodland were the main sources of cultivated land. The main reason for the loss of cultivated land included abandonment, ecological restoration and construction-occupied. The scale, sources, loss of the land reclamation presented obvious rhythmic and regional differences in northern counties of Sanjiang Plain. Land reclamation in the space presented different characteristics from west to east, from the distant water to the water （river）, from the plains to the hills, which drove the center of cultivated land to migrate from southwest to northeast.

关 键 词：三江平原北部 耕地 动态变化 垦殖率 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] S282[农业科学—农业水土工程]