压缩机喘振放空阀全开原因分析及解决措施  

Analysis on Cause of Full Opening of Compressor Surge Valve and its Solution

作　　者：张锡德 阿不都热合木.托乎提 辜兴春 

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木石化分公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《天然气与石油》2013年第1期85-89,2,共5页Natural Gas and Oil

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大化肥项目资助(2004251)

摘　　要：多轴离心式空气压缩机喘振放空阀一天内发生了三次突然打开,导致二段炉断空气,造成除一段炉及脱碳装置以外其它所有装置停车。对事故进行了调查、分析,事故原因分别为:第一、三次是因多轴离心式空气压缩机出口阀及副线伐一直处于关闭状态,在多轴离心式压缩机提压时,一段出口压力迅速上升,达到1.5 MPa以上,导致多轴离心式压缩机喘振放空阀突然全开,紧接着其汽轮机转速达到电子跳闸转速而跳车;第二次是因抽汽管暖管不充分,在合成气压缩机汽轮机投抽汽时,管内冷凝液瞬间带入中压蒸汽管网,管网蒸汽温度大幅度降低,促使多轴离心式空气压缩机汽轮机转速下降至5 743 r/m以下,进而导致喘振放空阀突然全开。为此,采取了相应措施,并收到了良好效果,避免了此类事故再次发生。Surge vent valve of multi-shaft air compressor opened suddenly three times within one day and air entering the secondary reformer was cut off,which resulted in fertilizer unit shutdown. Investigated and analyzed are causes of the accidents and found are relative influence factors. The results show that different causes resulted in such accidents. In one of the accidents,outlet valve and bypass line valve of the air compressor were in fully closed position, outlet pressure of one section rose rapidly up to more than 1.5MPa as pressure of the compressor was increased,which led to sudden full opening of its surge vent valve. Immediately following that,RPM (Revolutions per Minute)of the compressor steam turbine rose rapidly up to electronic tripping speed and trip happened. In other two accidents,steam extraction pipe was not fully heated,condensate in the pipe was carried into medium pressure steam pipe network when the turbine was running for steam extraction,and steam temperature in the pipe network greatly dropped and RPMof its steam turbine dropped down to less than 5743rpm,which led to sudden full opening of its surge vent valve. Corresponding measures have been taken according to the above- mentioned accident causes and good effect has been obtained and similar accidents can be avoided effectively.

关 键 词：压缩机 喘振放空阀 全开 原因分析 解决措施 

分 类 号：TH452[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]