聚酰亚胺纤维制备及应用  

Preparation and Application of Polyimide Fibers

作　　者：董杰[1] 王士华[1] 徐圆[1] 夏清明[1] 张清华[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学材料科学与工程学院纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2012年第10期14-20,共7页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50873021);上海市曙光计划(09SG30)

摘　　要：聚酰亚胺是指分子主链中含有酰亚胺环的一类聚合物材料,这种高度共轭的主链结构赋予了聚酰亚胺纤维优异的力学性能,较高的耐热氧化稳定性、耐溶剂腐蚀性能等,在航空航天、环境保护等领域具有广阔的应用前景。由于聚酰亚胺加工过程中的基础问题尚未攻克,影响了这类高性能纤维的发展和使用。高新材料发展的需要、聚酰亚胺化学结构的多设计性和合成技术的改进以及纺丝技术的进步促进了聚酰亚胺纤维的发展,通过大分子结构设计和聚集态结构的调控,可以得到不同化学结构的高强高模、耐高温、耐辐射特性的聚酰亚胺纤维。主要概述了聚酰亚胺纤维的性能、制备方法及应用领域,并对近年来国内外最新研究进展和产业化情况进行了介绍。Polyimide is a class of polymers containing the imide ring in the main chains. This unique conjugation structure endows the polyimide fibers with many useful properties, such as excellent mechanical properties, outstanding thermal and thermooxidative stabilities and chemical resistance. Therefore, the high performance fibers will be extensively used in many areas, such as aeronautics and astronautics, environmental protection, etc. However, most of the polyimides have high melting or softening temperatures, resulting in a poor solubility in most organic solvents, which have restrict their preparation and application. The improvements of design of various chemical structures and synthesis technology enhance their performances such as high-strength and high-modulus, thermo-stability and radiation-resistant. Spinning technology and further progress of macromolecular aggregation on the fibers motivate the rapid development of the high performance fibers. In this review, we give an overview of the excellent performances, preparation and applications of polyimide fibers. Moreover, the recent achievements and industrialization progress of the fibers are introduced.

关 键 词：聚酰亚胺纤维 合成及纺丝工艺 高强高模 耐高温 

分 类 号：TQ342.7[化学工程—化纤工业]