硫酸锌胁迫下克氏原螯虾对重金属锌的富集  

Bioaccumulation of Zn by Redswamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Under the Stress of Zinc Sulfate

作　　者：王建国[1,2] 王权[1] 陆宏达[2] 熊良伟[1] 封琦[1] 朱光来[1] 朱云干[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏畜牧兽医职业技术学院,江苏泰州225300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2013年第1期91-97,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101);江苏省水产三项工程渔业新品种开发利用项目(PJ2011-56)

摘　　要：将克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)成虾在ρ(Zn2+)为0.40、4.04和40.37 mg.L-1ZnSO4溶液中浸浴21 d,分别于2、8 h,1、3、7、14和21 d时每个暴露浓度组随机抽取6尾螯虾,测定其血淋巴、鳃、肝胰腺、消化道、生殖腺、触角腺及肌肉中w(Zn2+),分析各组织对Zn2+的富集情况。结果显示,随暴露时间的增加,各浓度组鳃、肝胰腺及肌肉中w(Zn2+)呈上升趋势。克氏原螯虾鳃和肝胰腺对Zn2+有较强的富集能力,这2种组织在3种浓度Zn2+溶液中的富集系数(BCF)分别为407.78、79.46、40.80和656.90、143.58、41.39。克氏原螯虾触角腺、性腺、消化道和血淋巴对Zn2+的富集效应不明显,在暴露前期各浓度组触角腺和性腺中w(Zn2+)不断增大,随后迅速下降,并保持略低于对照组的水平。各浓度组克氏原螯虾消化道中w(Zn2+)均出现2次峰值;4.04 mg.L-1及其以下浓度组血淋巴中w(Zn2+)出现1次峰值,而40.37 mg.L-1浓度组出现3次峰值,暴露浓度越高,血淋巴中w(Zn2+)出现第1次峰值所需时间越短,且峰值越大。上述结果表明克氏原螯虾是容易富集锌的物种,鳃和肝胰腺是锌富集的主要部位,因此为保证食用安全,应避免食用锌胁迫群体的肝胰腺和鳃。An experiment of Zn exposure of Procambarus clarkii was conducted to investigate bioaccumulation of the ele- ment in various organs （hemolymph, gill, hepatopancreas, digestive tract, gonad, antennal gland and muscle） of the crayfish as affected by Zn^2＋concentration （0. 40, 4. 04 and 40. 37 mg ·L^-1 ） in the solution and duration of the exposure （2 h, 8 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d）. Six crayfishes were taken out randomly from each concentration group each time for analysis of w （Zn^2＋）. Results show that w in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle displayed a rising trend along with the on-going exposure. Their gills and hepatopancreas accumulated more zinc than other tissues, with bioaccumulated con- centration factor （BCF） being 407. 78, 79.46 and 40. 80, and 656. 90, 143.58 and 41.39, respectively, in the three concentration groups. However, no significant accumulation was found in such tissues as antennal gland, digestive tract, gonad and hemolymph. In gonad and antennal gland w was increasing steadily at the initial stage of the exposure and then decreasing rapidly and in the end leveled off below that of the control group. In the digestive tract, w peaked twice in all the concentration groups, in hemolymph it did once only in the two groups low in Zn^2＋concentration （0. 40 and 4. 04 mg ·L^-1 ） and three times in the group of 40. 37 mg ·L^-1. The higher the concentration the crayfish was exposed to, the quicker the first peak of w appeared and the higher it peaked. All the above described findings indicate that crayfish is a species liable to Zinc accumulation from environment, but mainly in gills and hepatopancreas. It is, therefore, advised that for the sake of food safety, do not eat gills and hepatopancreas of Procambarus clarkii caught from the environmental under zinc stress.

关 键 词：硫酸锌 克氏原螯虾 富集 重金属 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q958.116[生物学—动物学]