1805—2011年埃及农产品市场化问题刍议——以棉花的种植和销售为例  

Commercialization of Egyptian Agricultural Products between 1805 and 2011 ——A Case Study in Growth and Sales of Cotton

作　　者：刘志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学马克思主义学院,天津300072

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第2期38-46,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中东现代化进程中的世俗政治与宗教政治研究"(12BSS014);教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目"中东政治现代化进程研究"(2009JJD770023)

摘　　要：采用历史分析法,以棉花的种植和销售为例,对1805-2011年埃及农产品市场化问题进行梳理。研究发现:1805-1952年欧洲市场的棉花需求,其他地区特别是美国的棉花出口,世界市场的棉价波动,直接影响埃及棉花的种植和出口;现代化与殖民化错综交织,经济增长和经济发展对立统一,构成1805-1952年埃及农产品市场化的重要特征;1952-2011年埃及播种结构与农产品贸易结构出现巨变;棉花产业日益没落和园艺产品渐趋重要,现代化与自主性相互强化,构成农产品市场化的鲜明特征。由此得出结论:农产品市场化系埃及经济现代化的重要内容,而棉花种植与出口构成农产品市场化的重中之重;埃及农产品市场化存在明显的阶段性,在各阶段农业剩余和农产品市场化的主要受益者也有所不同;政府政策、经营主体和国际市场是影响埃及农产品市场化的三大因素;农产品市场化与政治制度和国家主权关系密切。Based on historical analysis and the case study in growth and sales of cotton,this paper investigates Egyptian commercialization of agricultural products from 1805 to 2011. The result shows that from 1805 to 1952 the growth and export of Egyptian cotton was directly influenced by the demand for cotton in European market,by the export of cotton from other regions esp. the USA,and by the fluc-tuation of cotton price in global market. The interweaving of modernization and colonization as well as contradiction of economic growth and development were the important characteristics of agricultural products. From 1952 to 2011, Egypt＇s seed and trade structure of agricultural products began to show evident transformation. The cotton industry is gradually coming down and horticultural products is be-coming more important, and modernization and independence are mutually strengthening, which consti-tutes the obvious characteristics of Egyptian commercialization of agricultural products. In a word,com- mercialization of agricultural products is one of the fundamental aspects of economic modernization in E-gypt, and the growth as well as export of cotton is the main indication of commercialization of agricultur-al products. Egyptian commercialization of agricultural products shows the obvious stage, and there are also different beneficiaries in each stage. State policies, agricultural subjects and international market have a significant impact on Egyptian commercialization of agricultural products. Commercialization of agricultural products is closely related to political system and national sovereignty.

关 键 词：农产品市场化 棉花 埃及 现代农业 农产品 

分 类 号：F319[经济管理—产业经济]