棉花秸秆堆腐特性及腐熟度评价  

The Composting Characteristics of Cotton Straws and Maturity Evaluation

作　　者：孙凯宁[1,2] 于君宝[1] 宁凯[1,2] 管博[1] 宋守旺 丁广民 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(烟台海岸带研究所),山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室,中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所滨海湿地研究室,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区大汶流管理站,山东东营257500

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第2期393-399,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903001);中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-359);山东省自然科学杰出青年基金项目(JQ201114);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B01)

摘　　要：以黄河三角洲地区棉花秸秆为原材料,系统分析了菌剂和碳氮比对棉秆堆肥过程中物理、化学、生物学相关特征指标的影响,同时对堆肥进行了腐熟度评价。结果表明,单独使用菌剂处理效果不明显,单纯加氮素的处理可以延长堆体高温(>50℃)维持时间,棉秆+氮肥+菌剂(C:N=25)处理的配比是棉秆快速腐熟的最优处理。在棉秆腐熟度评价中,C/N、TOC、TN、T值适宜作为优选指标,pH、温度和GI适合作为一般性评价指标。通过试验,初步建立了棉花秸秆腐熟度指标评价体系,可为棉秆的堆腐利用提供科学指导,同时充分利用棉秆来改良土壤,可在一定程度上减少因棉秆直接燃烧向大气排放的CO2总量。Using cotton straws from the Yellow River Delta region as compost materials, the physics, chemistry, biology indexes of cotton straw compost, effected by microorganisms and C/N, were measured periodically and the maturity degree was evaluated. The result showed that the processing effect of microbial agent treatment was not obvious. Compared with CK and microbial agent treatment, the nitrogen treatments could prolong the time of compost temperature (>50 ℃) . The cotton straw+ nitrogen+ microbial agent (C:N=25:1) treatment, finished maturity firstly after 84 days, was the optimal treatment. In the cotton straw maturity evaluation, C/N, TOC, TN, T were suitable to be used as optimization indexes, pH, temperature and GI were suitable as general evaluation indexes. The indexs for evaluating the maturity of cotton straw compost was established preliminarily and the scientific guidance for using cotton straw compost was provided. The reasonable utilization of cotton straw for soil modification could reduced CO2 emission by fire in a certain extent.

关 键 词：棉秆 堆肥 腐熟度评价 发芽指数 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]